Trigoquality!

Geometry Level 3

Find the minimum value of the following expression: sin 3 x cos x + cos 3 x sin x \dfrac{\sin^{3} x}{\cos x}+\dfrac{\cos^{3} x}{\sin x} where x x lies in the interval ( 0 , π 2 ) \left(0,\frac{\pi}{2}\right) .


The answer is 1.

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12 solutions

Subhajit Ghosh
Nov 7, 2014

sin 4 x + cos 4 x sin x cos x \frac{\sin^{4} x + \cos^{4} x}{\sin x \cos x}

= ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) 2 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x sin x cos x \frac{(\sin^{2}x + \cos^{2}x)^{2} - 2 \sin^{2} x \cos^{2} x}{\sin x \cos x}

= 2 4 sin 2 x cos 2 x 2 sin x cos x [ a s ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 1 ) ] \frac{2-4\sin^{2} x \cos^{2} x}{2 \sin x \cos x}[ as (\sin^{2}x + \cos^{2}x =1) ]

= 2 ( 2 sin x cos x ) 2 2 sin x cos x \frac{2-(2 \sin x \cos x)^{2}}{2 \sin x \cos x}

= 2 sin 2 2 x sin 2 x \frac{2-\sin^{2}2x}{\sin 2x}

Now the value of the function to be # minimum the Denominator of the function must be # Maximum.

M a x ( sin 2 x ) = 1 [ a s ( 0 < = sin θ < = 1 ) f o r a l l ( 1 < θ < π 2 ) ] Max(\sin 2x) = 1 [as (0<=\sin \theta <=1 )for all (1<\theta<\frac{\pi}{2})]

M i n ( sin 3 x cos x + cos 3 sin x ) Min (\frac{\sin^{3} x}{\cos x}+\frac{\cos^{3}}{\sin x})

= 2 sin 2 2 x sin 2 x \frac{2-\sin^{2}2x}{\sin 2x}

= 2 1 1 ( p u t t i n g , sin 2 x = 1 ) \frac{2 - 1}{1} (putting , \sin 2x =1 )

= 1 1

Yash Singhal
Oct 30, 2014

The sequences ( sin 3 x , c o s 3 x ) (\sin^{3} x,cos^{3} x) and ( 1 cos x , 1 sin x ) (\frac{1}{\cos x},\frac{1}{\sin x}) are ordered oppositely. So, by using the Chebyshev's Sum Inequality on these by creating a scalar product matrix, we can see that the minimum value is sin 2 x + cos 2 x \sin^{2} x+\cos^{2} x which is equal to 1 \huge{1} .

by creating expression (2-sin^2 2x)/sin 2x we maximise sin2x as 1 and get 1 as minimum value.

Sayantan Nandy - 6 years, 7 months ago

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That's a nice observation!

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 7 months ago

Which identity is that using?

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 7 months ago

how do you know that when sin2x is max the value of the entire expression is min?

Wuu Yyiizzhhoouu - 6 years, 7 months ago

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Maximizing the denominator and minimizing the numerator turns out to be equivalent to maximizing sin ( 2 x ) \sin(2x) . We know this because in the range given, s i n ( 2 x ) sin(2x) is positive.

CJ Lungstrum - 6 years, 7 months ago

one could turn a pretty simple thing into a complex one!!!

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 7 months ago
Daniel Rabelo
Nov 7, 2014

As s i n x > = 0 sinx>=0 and c o s x > = 0 cosx>=0 for the interval [ 0 0 , π 2 \frac{\pi}{2} ], using the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means: s i n 3 x c o s x + c o s 3 x s i n x 2 > = s i n 3 x c o s x × c o s 3 x s i n x = s i n x c o s x \frac{\frac{sin^{3}x}{cosx}+\frac{cos^{3}x}{sinx}}{2}>=\sqrt{\frac{sin^{3}x}{cosx}\times\frac{cos^{3}x}{sinx}}=sinxcosx then s i n 3 x c o s x + c o s 3 x s i n x > = s i n ( 2 x ) \frac{sin^{3}x}{cosx}+\frac{cos^{3}x}{sinx}>=sin(2x) As the minimum for that inequality ocurs when all the terms are equal, then we have s i n x = c o s x sinx=cosx and x = π 4 x=\frac{\pi}{4} so s i n ( 2 x ) sin(2x) will be 1 1 in that case and the minimum value for the expression will be 1 1 .

solve it it comes out to be cotx as simple as that ans is 1

Sal Gard
Apr 13, 2016

By AM-GM inequality, this is larger than or equal to 2sinxcosx. Equality is obtained when sinx=cosx. This value is 2sin(pi/4)cos(pi/4)=1

Roy Tu
Jan 18, 2015

If x = a x=a is an extrema then x = π 2 a x=\frac{\pi}{2}-a is as well. Looking at the image, the graph has a single minimum. Therefore, the only possible value for a a is one such that a = π 2 a a = \frac{\pi}{2}-a , so a = π 4 a = \frac{\pi}{4} .

At the point x = a x = a , sin x = cos x \sin{x}=\cos{x} so the expression becomes:

sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 1 \sin^2{x} + \cos^2{x}=\boxed{1}

凯耀 郑
Jan 7, 2015

when i dunno how to slove the quiz,i put 1....

Abhinav Tripathi
Dec 20, 2014

we can intuitively solve this problem by looking at the graph of this question.

Miraj Shah
Nov 25, 2014

arithmatic mean is always greater than or equal to the geometric mean of given set of positive numbers. We can use this property to solve the question

Stephard Donayre
Nov 22, 2014

Instinct and Probability are the two factors which provides me correct answers to DIFFICULT problems. Actually, I would just like to share it with you guys. According to my experience and observation, numbers 0,1, 2, 5, 10 and 100 in the choices are 50% certain to be correct answers in this tricky questions. It is in the strength of your instinct to go with that answer... Dont forget to follow me if I am correct because I might teach how to do probability..... hahaha! See ya!

Adiraju Uttej
Nov 8, 2014

substitute any angle between o and 90 in place of x in the expression

Aadi Naik
Nov 7, 2014

We solve the equation and get 1/sinxcosx - 2sinxcosx which is 2/sin2x -sin2x ie 2cosec2x-sin2x. To get minimum value, we must consider greatest value of neg term and smallest of positive term. So, we get 2(1)-1=1 as the smallest value

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