Suppose that the following holds for complex numbers a , b , c : a + b + c c a − b + b c − a + a b − c b c a 2 + a c b 2 + a b c 2 + a 2 b c + b 2 a c + c 2 a b = 6 = ( 1 + b a ) ( 1 + c b ) ( 1 + a c ) = − 2 What is the value of a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ?
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We start by simplifying the second and third equations. Simplifying the second equation gives us b a + a c + c b = − 1 Then, we add 3 to both sides of the third equation to obtain b c a 2 + a c b 2 + a b c 2 + a 2 b c + b 2 a c + c 2 a b + 3 = 1 which factors as follows: ( b a + a c + c b ) ( a b + c a + b c ) = 1 Thus, by combining both results above, we conclude that a b + c a + b c = − 1 Then, we have that ( b a + a c + c b ) + ( a b + c a + b c ) = a b c a 2 b + a 2 c + a b 2 + a c 2 + b 2 c + b c 2 = − 2 or, rewritten slightly, a 2 b + a 2 c + a b 2 + a c 2 + b 2 c + b c 2 + 2 a b c = ( a + b ) ( b + c ) ( a + c ) = 0 Finally, we note the identity ( a + b + c ) 3 = a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + 3 ( a + b ) ( b + c ) ( a + c ) = a 3 + b 3 + c 3 (by the previous result) Hence, a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = ( a + b + c ) 3 = 6 3 = 2 1 6 .