Triple Cube Sum

Algebra Level 5

Suppose that the following holds for complex numbers a , b , c a,b,c : a + b + c = 6 a b c + c a b + b c a = ( 1 + a b ) ( 1 + b c ) ( 1 + c a ) a 2 b c + b 2 a c + c 2 a b + b c a 2 + a c b 2 + a b c 2 = 2 \begin{aligned} a + b + c & = 6 \\ \frac{a-b}{c} + \frac{c-a}{b} + \frac{b-c}{a} & = \left(1 + \frac{a}{b}\right) \left(1 + \frac{b}{c}\right) \left(1 + \frac{c}{a}\right) \\ \frac{a^2}{bc} + \frac{b^2}{ac} + \frac{c^2}{ab} + \frac{bc}{a^2} + \frac{ac}{b^2} + \frac{ab}{c^2} & = -2 \end{aligned} What is the value of a 3 + b 3 + c 3 a^3 + b^3 + c^3 ?


The answer is 216.

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1 solution

Brian Yao
Jun 3, 2017

We start by simplifying the second and third equations. Simplifying the second equation gives us a b + c a + b c = 1 \frac{a}{b} + \frac{c}{a} + \frac{b}{c} = -1 Then, we add 3 to both sides of the third equation to obtain a 2 b c + b 2 a c + c 2 a b + b c a 2 + a c b 2 + a b c 2 + 3 = 1 \frac{a^2}{bc} + \frac{b^2}{ac} + \frac{c^2}{ab} + \frac{bc}{a^2} + \frac{ac}{b^2} + \frac{ab}{c^2} + 3 = 1 which factors as follows: ( a b + c a + b c ) ( b a + a c + c b ) = 1 \left(\frac{a}{b} + \frac{c}{a} + \frac{b}{c}\right) \left(\frac{b}{a} + \frac{a}{c} + \frac{c}{b}\right) = 1 Thus, by combining both results above, we conclude that b a + a c + c b = 1 \frac{b}{a} + \frac{a}{c} + \frac{c}{b} = -1 Then, we have that ( a b + c a + b c ) + ( b a + a c + c b ) = a 2 b + a 2 c + a b 2 + a c 2 + b 2 c + b c 2 a b c = 2 \left(\frac{a}{b} + \frac{c}{a} + \frac{b}{c}\right) + \left(\frac{b}{a} + \frac{a}{c} + \frac{c}{b}\right) = \frac{a^2 b + a^2 c + a b^2 + a c^2 + b^2 c + b c^2}{abc} = -2 or, rewritten slightly, a 2 b + a 2 c + a b 2 + a c 2 + b 2 c + b c 2 + 2 a b c = ( a + b ) ( b + c ) ( a + c ) = 0 a^2 b + a^2 c + a b^2 + a c^2 + b^2 c + b c^2 + 2abc = (a + b)(b + c)(a + c) = 0 Finally, we note the identity ( a + b + c ) 3 = a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + 3 ( a + b ) ( b + c ) ( a + c ) = a 3 + b 3 + c 3 (by the previous result) \begin{aligned} (a + b + c)^3 & = a^3 + b^3 + c^3 + 3(a + b)(b + c)(a + c) \\ & = a^3 + b^3 + c^3 \text{ (by the previous result)} \end{aligned} Hence, a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = ( a + b + c ) 3 = 6 3 = 216 a^3 + b^3 + c^3 = (a + b + c)^3 = 6^3 = \boxed{216} .

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