Triple the sequence!

Calculus Level 5

{ a n + b n + c n = 2 n + 1 a n b n + b n c n + c n a n = 2 n 1 a n b n c n = 1 a n < b n < c n \large \begin{cases} a_n + b_n + c_n = 2n + 1\\ a_nb_n + b_nc_n + c_na_n = 2n - 1\\ a_nb_nc_n = -1\\ a_n < b_n < c_n \end{cases}

Let { a n } \{a_n\} , { b n } \{b_n\} and { c n } \{c_n\} be sequences satisfying the system of equations above.

Find the value of lim n ( n . a n ) \displaystyle \lim_{n \to \infty } (n.a_n) .


The answer is -0.5.

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1 solution

Krishna Sharma
Jan 13, 2015

From the first equation

b n + c n = 2 n + 1 a n b_n + c_n = 2n + 1 - a_n

From third equation

b n . c n = 1 a n b_n.c_n = \dfrac{-1}{a_n}

Now simplifing the second equation

a n ( b n + c n ) + b n . c n = 2 n 1 a_n(b_n + c_n) + b_n.c_n = 2n -1

Substituting the values we will get a cubic equation

a n 3 ( 2 n + 1 ) a n 2 + ( 2 n 1 ) a n + 1 = 0 \displaystyle a_n^{3} - (2n+1)a_n^{2} + (2n-1)a_n + 1 = 0

By trial and error method one root of the equation is 1, the other two roots can be found easily by Dividing cubic by a n 1 a_n -1 to get the quadratic

a n 2 2 n . a n 1 = 0 a_n^{2} - 2n.a_n - 1 = 0

(Note:-these roots of the equation are a n , b n , c n a_n, b_n, c_n and we have to choose the minimum root.)

The Roots of the equation are a n = n ± n 2 + 1 a_n = n \pm \sqrt{n^{2} +1}

Minimum root is n n 2 + 1 n - \sqrt{n^{2} + 1}

\therefore

lim n n × a n = lim n n ( n n 2 + 1 ) \displaystyle \lim_{n \to \infty } n \times a_n = \lim_{n \to \infty } n(n - \sqrt{n^{2} +1})

Taking n 2 n^{2} common from root

lim n n 2 n 2 ( 1 + 1 n 2 ) \displaystyle \lim_{n \to \infty } n^{2} - n^{2}(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{n^{2}}})

We know,

( 1 + x ) n = 1 + n x (1 + x)^{n} = 1 + nx when x<<1

So our limit reduces to

lim n n 2 n 2 ( 1 + 1 2 n 2 ) = 1 2 \displaystyle \lim_{n \to \infty } n^{2} - n^{2}( 1 + \dfrac{1}{2n^{2}}) = \boxed{\boxed{\dfrac{-1}{2}}}

Instead of Doing calculation for forming Cubics , You should Directly Use the concept of theory of equation that x 3 ( a n ) x 2 + ( a n b n ) x ( a n b n c n ) = 0 \displaystyle{{ x }^{ 3 }-(\sum { { a }_{ n } } )x^{ 2 }+(\sum { { a }_{ n }b_{ n } } )x-({ a }_{ n }b_{ n }{ c }_{ n })=0} .
! ¨ \ddot\smile

Deepanshu Gupta - 6 years, 5 months ago

By the way, I had posted the same problem in a different manner. :P

Sudeep Salgia - 6 years, 5 months ago

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