Triply Complex Triples

Algebra Level 3

Consider all ordered triples of complex numbers ( a , b , c ) (a, b, c) which satisfy the following equations:

{ a b + 3 b = 9 b c + 3 c = 9 c a + 3 a = 9. \begin{cases} ab + 3b = - 9 \\ bc + 3c = - 9 \\ ca + 3a = - 9. \\ \end{cases}

What is the largest possible value of a b c \lvert abc \rvert ?


The answer is 27.

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11 solutions

Chris Catacata
Sep 15, 2013

The first equation can be expressed as:

a b + 3 b = 9 ab+3b=-9

b ( a + 3 ) = 9 b(a+3)=-9

b = 9 a + 3 b=\frac{-9}{a+3}

Similarly, c = 9 b + 3 c=\frac{-9}{b+3} .

By substitution, c = 9 9 a + 3 + 3 = 3 ( a + 3 ) a c=\dfrac{-9}{\dfrac{-9}{a+3}+3} = \frac{-3(a+3)}{a}

Multiplying a a , b b and c c yields:

a b c = ( a ) ( 9 a + 3 ) ( 3 ( a + 3 ) a ) abc = (a)(\frac{-9}{a+3})(\frac{-3(a+3)}{a})

a b c = 27 abc = \fbox{27} .

Moderator note:

Nicely done!

Michael Tang
Sep 16, 2013

First, we add all of the given equations to get a b + b c + c a + 3 a + 3 b + 3 c = 27 ( 1 ) . \qquad ab+bc+ca+3a+3b+3c=-27 \qquad (1).

Second, we multiply the first equation by c , c, the second by a , a, and the third by b . b. We get: a b c + 3 b c = 9 c a b c + 3 c a = 9 a a b c + 3 a b = 9 b \begin{aligned} abc+3bc &= -9c \\ abc + 3ca &= -9a \\ abc + 3ab &= -9b \end{aligned} Now we add these three equations together to get 3 a b c + 3 a b + 3 b c + 3 c a = 9 a 9 b 9 c , 3abc+3ab+3bc+3ca = -9a-9b-9c, or a b c + a b + b c + c a = 3 a 3 b 3 c . abc+ab+bc+ca=-3a-3b-3c. Moving all of the terms to the left-hand side, we obtain a b c + a c + b c + c a + 3 a + 3 b + 3 c = 0. abc+ac+bc+ca+3a+3b+3c = 0. From equation ( 1 ) , (1), we have a b + b c + c a + 3 a + 3 b + 3 c = 27 , ab+bc+ca+3a+3b+3c = -27, so a b c 27 = 0 , abc - 27 = 0, and therefore a b c = 27 , abc = \boxed{27}, the only possible value.

Moderator note:

Nicely done!

Andi An
Sep 17, 2013

first we sum up ab+3b=−9 bc+3c=−9 ca+3a=−9 yields ab+bc+ac+3(a+b+c)+27=0

and now

ab+3b=−9 multiply with c => abc+3bc=-9c

bc+3c=−9 multiply with a => abc+3ac=-9a

ca+3a=−9 multiply with b => abc+3ab=-9b and sum up yields

ab+bc+ac+3(a+b+c)+abc=0

then we conclude abc=27.

Caleb Stanford
Sep 16, 2013

Using the formulas given, a b c = a ( b c ) = a ( 9 3 c ) = 3 ( a c + 3 a ) = 3 ( 9 ) = 27 abc = a(bc) = a(-9 - 3c) = -3(ac + 3a) = -3(-9) = 27 . Hence, assuming at least one solution ( a , b , c ) (a,b,c) , we have a b c = 27 = 27 |abc| = |27| = \boxed{27} .

Since you raised the question, is there at least one solution?

Calvin Lin Staff - 7 years, 8 months ago

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Let a = b = c = z a = b = c = z such that z 2 + 3 z + 9 = 0 z^2 + 3z + 9 = 0 .

Caleb Stanford - 7 years, 8 months ago

Substituting a b c = 27 abc=27 back into the equations (as given by Andi A) gives a = b = c a=b=c , so the cube roots of 27 27 are the only possible solutions. 3 e 2 π i / 3 3e^{2\pi i/3} and 3 e 4 π i / 3 3e^{4\pi i/3} both seem to work.

Matt McNabb - 7 years, 8 months ago
Rodrigo Escorcio
Sep 15, 2013

ab + 3b = bc + 3c. Implies that: c(b-a) = 3(a-c). So, c = 3(a-c)/(b-a) Analogously, a = 3(a-b)/(b-c) and b = 3(b-c)/(c-a).

So, |abc| = 27

** ca + 3a = bc + 3c. Implies that: c(b-a) = 3(a-c). So, c = 3(a-c)/(b-a) Analogously, a = 3(a-b)/(b-c) and b = 3(b-c)/(c-a).

So, |abc| = 27

Rodrigo Escorcio - 7 years, 9 months ago
Gopal Bhakat
Sep 18, 2013

since the equations are similar we can take a=b=c.(we can check it by replacing a=b, b=c, in first equation we will get the 2nd equation). Another approach is to maximize |abc| we have to take a=b=c. so we get a^2+3a=-9. =>a^2+3a+9=0 we get |a|= 3. and we know |abc|=|a||b||c| so the ans is 3 3 3=27.

Moderator note:

This solution commits a common mistake made in symmetric systems of equations, by assuming that all solution sets must be symmetric.

This solution commutes a common mistake made in inequalities, by assuming that the equality case occurs when everything is symmetric.

The symmetry of the equation does not mean that the answer is symmetric or that the maximum or minimum of any quantity is achieved when the variables are equal.

Alexander Borisov - 7 years, 8 months ago
Mehdi Galactico
Sep 16, 2013

(ab+3b)(bc+3c)(ca+3a)=-729

abc(a+3)(b+3)(c+3)=-729

abc(abc+3(ab+ac+bc+3a+3b+3c)+27)

abc(abc+3(-27)+27)

(abc)²-54abc+729=0 abc=27

David Nolasco
Sep 16, 2013

Adding all the equations will give us:

a b + b c + a c + 3 a + 3 b + 3 c = 27 ab + bc + ac + 3a + 3b + 3c = -27

Solving for a , b and c a, b \text { and } c from the three equations, we get:

b ( a + 3 ) = 9 b = 9 a + 3 b(a + 3) = -9 \Rightarrow b = \frac {-9}{a + 3}

c ( b + 3 ) = 9 c = 9 b + 3 c(b + 3) = -9 \Rightarrow c = \frac {-9}{b + 3}

a ( c + 3 ) = 9 a = 9 c + 3 a(c + 3) = -9 \Rightarrow a = \frac {-9}{c + 3}

Then, we get a b c abc from the product of the three new equations:

a b c = 729 ( a + 3 ) ( b + 3 ) ( c + 3 ) abc = \frac {-729}{(a + 3)(b + 3)(c + 3)}

a b c = 729 a b c + 3 a b + 3 b c + 3 a c + 9 a + 9 b + 9 c + 27 abc = \frac {-729}{abc + 3ab + 3bc + 3ac + 9a + 9b + 9c +27}

a b c = 729 a b c + 27 + 3 ( a b + b c + a c + 3 a + 3 b + 3 c ) abc = \frac {-729}{abc + 27 +3(ab + bc + ac + 3a + 3b + 3c)} ,

but a b + b c + a c + 3 a + 3 b + 3 c = 27 ab + bc + ac + 3a + 3b + 3c = -27 . Therefore:

a b c = 729 a b c + 27 + 3 ( 27 ) abc = \frac {-729}{abc + 27 + 3(-27)}

a b c = 729 a b c 54 abc = \frac {-729}{abc - 54}

( a b c ) 2 54 ( a b c ) + 729 = 0 (abc)^{2} - 54(abc) + 729 = 0 . Differentiating this, we have:

2 ( a b c ) 54 = 0 a b c = 27 2(abc) - 54 = 0 \Rightarrow abc = 27 . Therefore, the answer is 27

What do you mean by "differentiating this ..."? What are you differentiating with respect to? Is this a valid step?

Calvin Lin Staff - 7 years, 8 months ago

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Exactly.. Moreover the product of a, b and c is always a constant

Tamoghna Banerjee - 7 years, 8 months ago

yes it is a valid step because it is a perfect square and by using division algorithm we can prove it

Narasimha Rao B L - 7 years, 8 months ago

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If you would differentiate again, you get 2 = 0 2=0 , which is clearly false.

Tim Vermeulen - 7 years, 8 months ago

Yes, it is a perfect square, but differentiation has nothing to do with the problem. Change 729 to you favorite number, and the answer would be wrong. Differentiation is used to find derivative. It does not give you roots.

Alexander Borisov - 7 years, 8 months ago

Just asking, couldn't you end the problem with quadratic formula?

Steven Lee - 7 years, 8 months ago
André Seiki F K
Sep 20, 2013

ab + 3b = -9
ab = -9 -3b
|abc| = |(-9 -3b)c|
|abc| = |-3(bc + 3c)|
|abc| = |-3(-9)| = |27| = 27



Kishlaya Jaiswal
Sep 18, 2013

Multiplying all the equations, we get -

a b c ( a + 3 ) ( b + 3 ) ( c + 3 ) = ( 9 ) 3 abc(a+3)(b+3)(c+3)=(-9)^3 f ( a , b , c ) = ( a 2 + 3 a ) ( b 2 + 3 b ) ( c 2 + 3 c ) = ( 9 ) 3 f(a,b,c)=(a^2+3a)(b^2+3b)(c^2+3c)=(-9)^3

Clearly, f ( a , b , c ) f(a,b,c) becomes maximum when ( a 2 + 3 a ) = ( b 2 + 3 b ) = ( c 2 + 3 c ) ( = ( x 2 + 3 x ) ) (a^2+3a)=(b^2+3b)=(c^2+3c) ( = (x^2 + 3x))

Hence ( x 2 + 3 x ) 3 = ( 9 ) 3 x 2 + 3 x + 9 = 0 (x^2 + 3x)^3 = (-9)^3 \Rightarrow x^2 + 3x + 9 = 0

Solving for x x gives -

x = 3 ω , 3 ω 2 x = 3\omega, 3\omega^2 where ω = 1 + 3 i 2 \omega = \frac{-1+\sqrt{3}i}{2}

Therefore, a = b = c = 3 ω , 3 ω 2 a=b=c=3\omega, 3\omega^2

So, a b c = 3 3 = 27 abc = 3^3 = 27

because ω 3 = ω 6 = 1 \omega^3 = \omega^6 = 1

Jeitendra Sharma
Sep 17, 2013

first add all three equation i.e

ab+bc+ca+3(a+b+c)+27=0...............(i)

now multiply all equation i.e,

abc{ab+bc+ca+6(a+b+c)+27}= -729

now on putting the value of eq.(i) in above equation.

we'll get,

|abc|(a+b+c)=243 [on neglecting the (-) sign]

the possible value of a,b&c would be

|3 3 3|(3+3+3) = 3^5

so largest possible value of |abc| would be 27 Ans.

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