True Polynomial Hunting

Algebra Level 4

True or False

Any number of the form tan 2 π n + cot 2 π n \tan \dfrac{2\pi}{n} + \cot \dfrac{2\pi}{n} , where n n is an integer, is algebraic by nature.

Details

  • An algebraic number is any number which can be a root for some nonzero polynomial P ( x ) P(x) with rational coefficients.
Conditions stated are insufficient False True

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2 solutions

Yashas Ravi
Feb 20, 2019

This was my approach: The tan and the cot can be expressed as ratios of s i n ( A ) sin(A) and c o s ( A ) cos(A) . When summing, for some angle A = A= 2 π n \frac{2π}{n} , t a n ( A ) + c o t ( A ) = tan(A) + cot(A) = 1 s i n ( 2 A \frac{1}{sin(2A} . Since 2 s i n ( 2 A ) \frac{2}{sin(2A)} can be irrational and cannot always be expressed as operations with radicals, the polynomial that has 2 s i n ( 2 A ) \frac{2}{sin(2A)} as a root does not always have a conjugate for all possible values of A A . If it does have a conjugate, the coefficients would be rational as the radicals would cancel out. As a result, the polynomial does not always have rational coefficients, so t a n ( A ) + c o t ( A ) tan(A) + cot(A) is not always algebraic.

My work:

Efren Medallo
Apr 22, 2017

While it can be easily seen that such expression may be derived from ζ = e 2 π i n \zeta=e^{ \dfrac{2\pi i}{n}} , it will fail to produce algebraic numbers when n = 0 n = 0 , n = 1 n=1 and n = 4 n=4 , as it will yield undefined expressions.

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