Almost Quartic Equation

Algebra Level 4

If one of the root of the equation x 3 + x 2 + x + 1 = 2 0 2 x^3+x^2+x+1 = 20^2

can be expressed as a i b -a-i\sqrt{b} for positive integers a , b a,b

What is the value of a + b a+b ?

Details and Assumptions :

i = 1 i = \sqrt{-1}


The answer is 45.

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4 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Feb 27, 2015

It is given that:

x 3 + x 2 + x + 1 = 2 0 2 x^3+x^2+x+1 = 20^2

x 3 + x 2 + x 399 = 0 x^3+x^2+x-399 = 0

( x 7 ) ( 1 + 8 x + 57 ) = 0 (x-7)(1+8x+57) = 0

( x 7 ) ( 8 + 64 4 ( 57 ) 2 ) ( 8 64 4 ( 57 ) 2 ) = 0 (x-7)\left(\frac {-8+\sqrt{64-4(57)}}{2}\right) \left(\frac {-8-\sqrt{64-4(57)}}{2}\right) = 0

( x 7 ) ( 4 + i 41 ) ( 4 i 41 ) = 0 (x-7)(-4+i\sqrt{41})(-4-i\sqrt{41}) = 0

a = 4 \Rightarrow a = 4 , b = 41 b = 41 and a + b = 45 a+b = \boxed{45}

How to get that seven without hit and trial?

Parth Lohomi - 6 years, 3 months ago

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factors of 399 399 are ± 1 , ± 3 , ± 7 , ± 19 , ± 21 , ± 57 , ± 133 , ± 399 \pm1,\pm3,\pm7,\pm19,\pm21,\pm57,\pm133,\pm399 , and coefficient of x 3 i s 1 x^3 \quad is \quad 1

Thus by Possible Rational Root Theorem , we can get 7 7 as one of the roots. :)

Nihar Mahajan - 6 years, 3 months ago

Cardano's method should do the trick.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 6 years, 3 months ago

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Possible Rational Root Theorem still needs guessing. I have posted a wiki on Cardano's Formula . It can solve all cubic equation with at least a real root. But it may not be easy to use.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 6 years, 3 months ago
Naman Kapoor
Feb 26, 2015

Well the solution is as follows

one of the root is x-7 so dividing the eqn by x-7 we get x^2+8x+57.On solving it we get the required root as

-4-√41 so a=4 and b=41 a+b=45

But it should not be a level 4 Parth Lohomi

This Is absolutely Perfect. Good Job @Naman Kapoor , I did it the Same way! ^_^

Mehul Arora - 6 years, 1 month ago

I posted it on level 3!

Parth Lohomi - 6 years, 3 months ago

Well... This is not the perfect solution?!!

Parth Lohomi - 6 years, 3 months ago

did u just guess that x-7 is a factor? or please explain how u got it

rege rege - 6 years, 3 months ago

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Just hit and trial...

Naman Kapoor - 6 years, 1 month ago
Ashutosh Sharma
Mar 17, 2018

multiply and divide by (x-1) then numerator becomes x^4-1 and denominator as x-1 now om simplifying we get [x^4-400x+399=0] whose real roots are 1 and 7.now rest is simple.

William Isoroku
Apr 15, 2015

Rewrite the equation as x 3 + 3 x 2 2 x 2 + 3 x 2 x + 1 = 400 x^3+3x^2-2x^2+3x-2x+1=400

With the help of Pascals triangle we can write it as ( x + 1 ) 3 2 x ( x + 1 ) = ( x + 1 ) ( ( x + 1 ) 2 2 x ) = ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 + 1 ) = 400 (x+1)^3-2x(x+1)=(x+1)((x+1)^2-2x)=(x+1)(x^2+1)=400

This tells us that the factors of 400 400 can't differ too much. This rules out some factors.

By a few trials, we find that x = 7 x=7 ,which is one of the solutions.

Using Vieta's formulas for the original equation ( x 3 + x 2 + x 399 = 0 x^3+x^2+x-399=0 ):

7 a b = 399 7ab=399

7 + a + b = 1 7+a+b=-1

( 7 , a , b 7,a,b are the roots)

(Those who don't know the Vieta's formulas, search it online.)

Solve these equations to get the other 2 roots, which are 4 ± i 41 -4\pm i\sqrt{41}

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