What convex function should be used here?

Algebra Level 3

1 a 3 + 1 + 1 b 3 + 1 + 1 c 3 + 1 . \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^3+1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^3+1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^3+1}}.

Positive reals a , b , c a,\ b,\ c satisfy 1 a + 1 b + 1 c = 3. \dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3.

If the maximum value of the above expression is in the form x y \dfrac{x}{\sqrt y} , where x x and y y are integers with y y square-free, find x + y x+y .


The answer is 5.

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2 solutions

Let,
f ( x ) = ( x 3 x 3 + 1 ) , x 0 f(x) = \sqrt{\left(\dfrac{x^{3}}{x^{3}+1}\right)} , x \ge 0

It can be proved that f ( x ) f(x) is concave for x 0 x \ge 0 According to Jensen's inequality,
f ( 1 a ) + f ( 1 b ) + f ( 1 c ) 3 f ( 1 a + 1 b + 1 c 3 ) f\left(\dfrac{1}{a}\right) +f\left(\dfrac{1}{b}\right) + f\left(\dfrac{1}{c}\right) \le 3f\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a} + \dfrac{1}{b} + \dfrac{1}{c}}{3}\right)
c y c l i c 1 a 3 + 1 3 f ( 1 ) \therefore \displaystyle \sum_{cyclic} \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^{3}+1}} \le 3f(1)
c y c l i c 1 a 3 + 1 3 2 \therefore \displaystyle \sum_{cyclic}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^{3} + 1}} \le \dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}

x + y = 2 + 3 = 5 x + y = 2 + 3 = 5

Uhmmm, I'm just starting to learn Jensen's inequality, so, can I ask how you have come to think that the function must be f ( x ) = x 3 x 3 + 1 f(x) = \sqrt{\frac{x^3}{x^3+1}} ...?

Manuel Kahayon - 5 years, 4 months ago

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I first thought of the function f ( x ) = 1 x 3 + 1 f(x) = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^{3}+1}} , but i realised I wanted f ( 1 x ) = 1 x 3 + 1 f\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right) = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^{3}+1}} , Since we would be using 1 a + 1 b + 1 c \dfrac{1}{a} + \dfrac{1}{b} + \dfrac{1}{c} on the RHS. So I replaced x x by 1 x \dfrac{1}{x} and got the required function.

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 4 months ago

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Oooh, now I get it. Thanks!

Manuel Kahayon - 5 years, 4 months ago

Very nice solution! =D =D

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 4 months ago
Nanda Rahsyad
Jan 22, 2016

By AM-GM, we can obtain the values of a a , b b , and c c which are a = b = c = 1 a=b=c=1 . Using those values, x y = 3 2 \frac{x}{\sqrt{y}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}} and x + y = 5 x+y=\boxed{5} .

Feel free to fix my solutions as it is slightly incomplete :)

Wrong. you can't get a=b=c=1 by AMGM.

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 4 months ago

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