Twin primes and squares

Consider a set 2-tuple of primes ( p , q ) (p,q) , where both p p and q q are prime numbers and p > q p > q .

Now, my question is, for all such tuples where p q = 2 p - q = 2 . Is it always true that p q + 1 pq + 1 is a square?

Might be Yes Maybe No

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3 solutions

Simon Kaib
Feb 23, 2020

p q + 1 = p ( p 2 ) + 1 = ( ( p 1 ) + 1 ) ( ( p 1 ) 1 ) + 1 = ( p 1 ) 2 1 2 + 1 = ( p 1 ) 2 pq+1=p(p-2)+1=((p-1)+1)((p-1)-1)+1=(p-1)^2-1^2+1=(p-1)^2

If q and p are 3 and 5 respectively then we know that my conjecture holds true [ ( 3 X 5 ) + 1 ] = 16 =4 X 4.

Now consider the case when q is not equal to 3. Now, we can check the remainders of q and p when divided by 3. If q = 0 mod 3 then contradiction.( q is prime and not equal to 3) If q = 1 mod 3 then p = 0 mod 3 ( which is again a contradiction ( p is prime)) If q = 2 mod 3 then p = 1 mod 3

This means that q = 3m-1 and p = 3m+1 so pq = (9m^2) - 1 and pq + 1 = 9m^2.

So a (somewhat) stronger conjecture would be "For all such primes not equal to 3, their (product + 1) is always a square divisible by 9".

Chew-Seong Cheong
Feb 24, 2020

p q + 1 = p ( p 2 ) + 1 Since p q = 2 q = p 2 = p 2 2 p + 1 = ( p 1 ) 2 A perfect square. \begin{aligned} p \blue q + 1 & = p \blue{(p-2)} + 1 & \small \blue{\text{Since }p-q=2 \implies q = p-2} \\ & = p^2 - 2p + 1 \\ & = (p-1)^2 & \small \blue{\boxed{\text{A perfect square.}}} \end{aligned}

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