Consider a set 2-tuple of primes ( p , q ) , where both p and q are prime numbers and p > q .
Now, my question is, for all such tuples where p − q = 2 . Is it always true that p q + 1 is a square?
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If q and p are 3 and 5 respectively then we know that my conjecture holds true [ ( 3 X 5 ) + 1 ] = 16 =4 X 4.
Now consider the case when q is not equal to 3. Now, we can check the remainders of q and p when divided by 3. If q = 0 mod 3 then contradiction.( q is prime and not equal to 3) If q = 1 mod 3 then p = 0 mod 3 ( which is again a contradiction ( p is prime)) If q = 2 mod 3 then p = 1 mod 3
This means that q = 3m-1 and p = 3m+1 so pq = (9m^2) - 1 and pq + 1 = 9m^2.
So a (somewhat) stronger conjecture would be "For all such primes not equal to 3, their (product + 1) is always a square divisible by 9".
p q + 1 = p ( p − 2 ) + 1 = p 2 − 2 p + 1 = ( p − 1 ) 2 Since p − q = 2 ⟹ q = p − 2 A perfect square.
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p q + 1 = p ( p − 2 ) + 1 = ( ( p − 1 ) + 1 ) ( ( p − 1 ) − 1 ) + 1 = ( p − 1 ) 2 − 1 2 + 1 = ( p − 1 ) 2