Two adjacent circles

Geometry Level 3

Two congruent adjacent circles of radius 10 10 have their centers lying on the x x -axis and separated by a certain distance d d such that the external common tangent to the circles from the bottom and the two internal common tangents form an equilateral triangle (shaded) as shown in the figure above. The area of the equilateral triangle can be expressed as a b \dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b}} , where a a and b b are positive integers and b b is square-free. Find the product a b a b .

Inspiration


The answer is 300.

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3 solutions

The line through the centers K K and L L of circles is parallel to the exterior tangent line and the point of intersection of the interior common tangent lines lies on K L KL . Hence, the altitude C H CH is congruent to the radius K D KD , thus C H = 10 CH=10 . Consequently, for the side s s of the equilateral triangle we have s = C H csc 60 s = 20 3 s=CH\cdot \csc 60{}^\circ \Rightarrow s=\frac{20}{\sqrt{3}} The area of the triangle is s 2 3 4 = 100 3 \frac{{{s}^{2}}\sqrt{3}}{4}=\frac{100}{\sqrt{3}} For the answer, a = 100 a=100 , b = 3 b=3 , thus, a b = 300 ab=\boxed{300} .

David Vreken
Jan 29, 2021

Each circle is an excircle of the equilateral triangle, which has a radius of r a = s ( s b ) ( s c ) s a r_a = \sqrt{\cfrac{s(s - b)(s - c)}{s - a}} .

If each side of the equilateral triangle is x x , then 10 = 3 2 x ( 3 2 x x ) ( 3 2 x x ) 3 2 x x 10 = \sqrt{\cfrac{\frac{3}{2}x(\frac{3}{2}x - x)(\frac{3}{2}x - x)}{\frac{3}{2}x - x}} , which solves to x 2 = 400 3 x^2 = \cfrac{400}{3} .

Therefore, the area of the triangle is A = 3 4 x 2 = 3 4 400 3 = 100 3 A = \cfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x^2 = \cfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\cdot \cfrac{400}{3} = \cfrac{100}{\sqrt{3}} , so a = 100 a = 100 , b = 3 b = 3 , and a b = 300 ab = \boxed{300} .

Saya Suka
Jan 29, 2021

The radius is equal to the triangle's height if you rotate the 'hour hand' to 4.30 or 7.30. With 10 being its height, half of the base must be 1/√3 that, so area equal 10² x (1/√3) = 100/√3. Answer is 100 x 3 = 300.

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