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1 + 2 + ⋯ + M = 1 2 + 2 2 + ⋯ + N 2 2 M ( M + 1 ) = 6 N ( N + 1 ) ( 2 N + 1 ) 3 M 2 + 3 M − N ( N + 1 ) ( 2 N + 1 ) = 0 M = 6 − 3 + 3 ( 8 N 3 + 1 2 N 2 + 4 N + 3 ) Now noting the discriminant of above equation D = 8 N 3 + 1 2 N 2 + 4 N + 3 = 8 ( N + 2 1 ) 3 − 2 ( N + 2 1 ) + 3 = X 3 − X + 3 c c c c c c let x = 2 ( N + 2 1 ) It is vivid that discriminant D in the above equation will be perfect square iff D = 3 Y 2 X 3 − X + 3 = 3 Y 2 ⋯ ( a ) The solution of equations a has been provided by Saburô Uchiyama and one can Google it as Solution of a Diophantine equation by sabur o ˆ Uchiyama
So the solution for M , N can be interred as ( 1 0 , 5 ) , ( 1 3 , 6 ) , ( 6 4 5 , 8 5 )