'Two' many roots

Algebra Level 5

What is the largest possible value of k k in the following expression, where k N , n 0 k \in \mathbb{N}, n \geq 0 ?

( ( 2 ) 1 + ( 2 ) 2 ) × ( ( 2 ) 3 + ( 2 ) 4 ) × . . . × ( ( 2 ) 2017 + ( 2 ) 2018 ) = 2 k + n \Bigg( (\sqrt{2})^1 + (\sqrt{2})^2 \Bigg) \times \Bigg( (\sqrt{2})^3 + (\sqrt{2})^4 \Bigg) \times ... \times \Bigg( (\sqrt{2})^{2017} + (\sqrt{2})^{2018} \Bigg) = 2^k + n

Enter your answer as k + 1 k+1 .


The answer is 509041.

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1 solution

Stephen Mellor
Feb 23, 2018

( ( 2 ) 1 + ( 2 ) 2 ) × ( ( 2 ) 3 + ( 2 ) 4 ) × . . . × ( ( 2 ) 2017 + ( 2 ) 2018 ) = 2 k + n \Bigg( (\sqrt{2})^1 + (\sqrt{2})^2 \Bigg) \times \Bigg( (\sqrt{2})^3 + (\sqrt{2})^4 \Bigg) \times ... \times \Bigg( (\sqrt{2})^{2017} + (\sqrt{2})^{2018} \Bigg) = 2^k + n ( 2 ) 1 ( 1 + 2 ) × ( 2 ) 3 ( 1 + 2 ) × . . . × ( 2 ) 2017 ( 1 + 2 ) = 2 k + n (\sqrt{2})^1\Bigg( 1 + \sqrt{2} \Bigg) \times (\sqrt{2})^3\Bigg( 1 + \sqrt{2} \Bigg) \times ... \times (\sqrt{2})^{2017}\Bigg( 1 + \sqrt{2} \Bigg) = 2^k + n ( 2 ) 1 × ( 2 ) 3 × ( 2 ) 5 × . . . × ( 2 ) 2017 × ( 1 + 2 ) 1009 = 2 k + n (\sqrt{2})^{1} \times (\sqrt{2})^{3} \times (\sqrt{2})^{5} \times ... \times (\sqrt{2})^{2017} \times \Bigg( 1 + \sqrt{2} \Bigg)^{1009} = 2^k + n ( 2 ) 1 + 3 + 5 + . . . + 2017 × ( 1 + 2 ) 1009 = 2 k + n (\sqrt{2})^{1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 2017} \times \Bigg( 1 + \sqrt{2} \Bigg)^{1009} = 2^k + n Since n = 1 k 2 n 1 = k 2 \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{k}2n-1 = k^2 , ( 2 ) ( 100 9 2 ) × ( 1 + 2 ) 1009 = 2 k + n (\sqrt{2})^{(1009^2)} \times \Bigg( 1 + \sqrt{2} \Bigg)^{1009} = 2^k + n ( 2 ) ( 1018081 ) × ( 1 + 2 ) 1009 = 2 k + n (\sqrt{2})^{(1018081)} \times \Bigg( 1 + \sqrt{2} \Bigg)^{1009} = 2^k + n ( 2 ) ( 1018080 ) × ( 2 ) ( 1 ) × ( 1 + 2 ) 1009 = 2 k + n (\sqrt{2})^{(1018080)} \times (\sqrt{2})^{(1)} \times \Bigg( 1 + \sqrt{2} \Bigg)^{1009} = 2^k + n 2 509040 × 2 × ( 1 + 2 ) 1009 = 2 k + n 2^{509040} \times \sqrt{2} \times \Bigg( 1 + \sqrt{2} \Bigg)^{1009} = 2^k + n Now let us consider the binomial expression of ( 1 + 2 ) 1009 (1 + \sqrt{2})^{1009} .

Let ( 1 + 2 ) 1009 = a + b 2 (1 + \sqrt{2})^{1009} = a + b\sqrt{2} . 2 509040 × 2 × ( a + b 2 ) = 2 k + n 2^{509040} \times \sqrt{2} \times (a + b\sqrt{2}) = 2^k + n 2 509040 × ( a 2 + 2 b ) = 2 k + n 2^{509040} \times \Bigg(a\sqrt{2} + 2b\Bigg) = 2^k + n As a a will always be an odd integer, the bit in brackets will be irrational so will have no integer powers of 2 2 as factors, meaning that 509040 \boxed{509040} is the greatest power of 2 2 in the left-hand side, so it is the greatest possible value of k k . Therefore, k + 1 = 509041 k+1=\boxed{509041}

I think there a few issues with this problem, but let's set those aside for now. You write ( 1 + 2 ) 1009 = a + b 2 (1 + \sqrt{2})^{1009} = a + b \sqrt{2} , where a a are b b are integers. You then write 2 509040 ( a 2 + 2 b ) = 2 k + n . 2^{509040} (a \sqrt{2} + 2b) = 2^k + n. Your claim is that you cannot take out other factors of 2 in the left-hand side. How do you know? If a a and b b are even, then you could pull out more factors of 2.

Jon Haussmann - 3 years, 2 months ago

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It says a is always odd

Stephen Mellor - 3 years, 2 months ago

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