A unit square A B C D has two points M , N inside it (possible on the perimeter) such that M A + M B + M C + N A + N D + N C is a minimum.
If M N = b a , then what is the value of a + b ?
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Peg is used here to mean a dot mark, as used in the game of cribbage. Any other idea that comes to mind is incidental.
Think of distances MA, MB, MC whose sum is to be minimized as soap films (or rubber bands) meeting in M. Three soap film meet at 120° (Lami's theorem for 3 equal forces/tensions!)
Same happens at peg N
Note triangle MNA is equilateral! => AM = MN
Using Sine Rule in triangle AMB - sin 1 2 0 1 = sin 4 5 A M A M = 3 6
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F i r s t o f a l l i w a n t t o k n o w w h a t i s p e g s . . ? ? ( B U T I s o l v e d t h i s q u e s t i o n b y a s s u m i n g p e g s t o b e P o i n t . ) S O L : f o r t o m i n i m i z e M A + M B + M C " M " m u s t b e p r e s e n t i n s i d e t h e t r i a n g l e A B C a n d m a k e s e q u a l a n g l e s w h i c h i s 1 2 0 d e g r e e . ( T H I N K S L O G I C A L L Y ) n o w d r o p p e r p e n d i c u l a r f r o m ′ M ′ t o s i d e A C = 2 a n d l e t F o o t o f p e r p e n d i c u l a r i s ′ L ′ N o w B y s y m m e t r y ⟹ M N = 2 × M L S i n c e ∠ M A L = 3 0 d e g r e e ⟹ tan ( 3 0 ) = 3 1 = A L M L ⟹ A L = 2 A C = 2 2 = 2 1 ⟹ M L = 6 1 ⟹ M N = 3 6 ⟹ a = 6 & b = 3 ⟹ a + b = 9 .