Two Perpindicular Curves

Geometry Level 3

In circle Γ \Gamma , 2 chords A B AB and C D CD are perpendicular at E E . If A E = 2 , E B = 5 AE = 2 , EB = 5 and E C = 3 EC = 3 , then the radius of Γ \Gamma can be expressed as a b \frac { \sqrt{a} } {b} , where a a is an integer that is not divisible by the square of any prime and b b is a positive integer. What is the value of a + b a + b ?

Note: a a and b b need not be coprime.


The answer is 448.

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4 solutions

Prasang Gupta
May 20, 2014

Let O O be the centre of the circle. Drop perpendiculars from the centre to the chords A B AB and C D CD intersecting the chords at P P and Q Q respectively. Since, all the angles of quadrilateral O P E Q OPEQ are 90 degrees, hence we can conclude that O P E Q OPEQ is a rectangle with O P = E Q OP=EQ and P E = O Q PE=OQ . Length of chord A B = B E + E A = 5 + 2 = 7 AB=BE+EA=5+2=7 Hence, B P = P A = 3.5 BP=PA=3.5 (because perpendicular from the centre to a chord bisects the chord) Hence, P E = B E B P = 5 3.5 = 1.5 PE=BE-BP=5-3.5=1.5 .

Let E Q = x EQ=x , and the radius of the circle be r r . Using pythagoras theorem in triangle OQC, r 2 = ( 1.5 ) 2 + ( x + 3 ) 2 r^2=(1.5)^2+(x+3)^2 . Using pythagoras theorem in triangle OPB, r 2 = ( 3.5 ) 2 + x 2 r^2=(3.5)^2+x^2 . Solving, we get x = 1 / 6 x=1/6 and r = 442 / 6 r= \sqrt{442} /6 hence, a + b = 442 + 6 = 448 a+b=442+6=448 .

[LaTex Edits - Calvin]

There are numerous approaches to this question, which involve Pythagoras Theorem, Sine Rule, or Power of a point.

Calvin Lin Staff - 7 years ago
Vincent Zhuang
May 20, 2014

By Power of a Point, we have E D = 10 3 ED=\frac{10}{3} . Now drop the perpendiculars from the center O O to A B AB and C D CD at F F and G G . These bisect the chords, so we have B F = 7 2 BF=\frac{7}{2} and D G = 19 6 DG=\frac{19}{6} . Therefore, E G = 1 6 EG=\frac{1}{6} and by the Pythagorean theorem we have r 2 = B F 2 + E G 2 = 442 36 r = 442 6 r^2=BF^2+EG^2=\frac{442}{36} \rightarrow r=\frac{\sqrt{442}}{6} and our desired answer is 448 448 .

Sagnik Saha
Dec 20, 2013

First we find ED by using BE * EA = EC * ED. ED = 10/3

Then we join B,D and D,A forming the triangle BDA.

Now, as the chords intersect at right angles, triangle BED , DEC are all right angled triangles. WE find the values of BD and AD using pythagorus's theorem. Incidentally, BD = root325 / 3 and AD = root136/3

Then we find the area of triangle BAD, taking DE as the altitude and AB as the base, which comes to 35/3.

Finally, we use the well known relation , abc/4R = area of the triangle, where a,b,c are the three sides of the triangle.

Plugging the values into this equation and doing some algebra, we finally reach root442/6 and hence the answer.

sorry gor not writing in latex, some keys of my keyboard dont work.. :/

Vaibhav Agarwal
Mar 3, 2014

ED= 2*5/3=10/3 (since AE X EB = CE X ED)

We also know that A E 2 + E B 2 + E C 2 + E D 2 = 4 r 2 AE^{2} + EB^{2} + EC^{2} + ED^{2} = 4r^{2}

which gives 4 + 25 + 9 + 100 9 = 442 9 = 4 r 2 4+25+9+\frac{100}{9}=\frac{442}{9}=4r^{2}

Thus r = 442 6 r=\frac{\sqrt{442}}{6}

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