Find the number of solutions for p , q , r , s , t , and u that satisfy the equation:
p 3 + q 3 + r 3 = s 3 + t 3 + u 3
where all six variables are positive integers with different values and the g cd ( p , q , r , s , t , u ) = 1 .
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Quite brilliantly found! I was looking for an identity like that, but could not find one. By the way, I think you dropped a factor 3 for all cross terms like a 2 b in the first two lines, but it does not matter from line 3 onwards.
Thanks to Hardy's cab number and Ramanujan we know that 9 3 + 1 0 3 + r 3 = 1 3 + 1 2 3 + u 3 will hold for any positive integer r = u . Also note that g cd ( p , q , s , t ) = 1 ⟹ g cd ( p , q , r , s , t , u ) = 1 So we already found an infinite subset of the solutions.
Edit: The values had to be different, I did not read it well...
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Note that:
( a + b + c ) 3 = a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + 3 a 2 b + 3 a b 2 + 3 a 2 c + 3 a c 2 + 3 b 2 c + 3 b c 2 + 6 a b c
( a + b + c ) 3 + a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = a 3 + 3 a 2 b + 3 a b 2 + b 3 + a 3 + 3 a 2 c + 3 a c 2 + c 3 + b 3 + 3 b 2 c + 3 b c 2 + c 3 + 6 a b c
( a + b + c ) 3 + a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = ( a + b ) 3 + ( a + c ) 3 + ( b + c ) 3 + 6 a b c
If c 3 = 6 a b c , then c 2 = 6 a b , and:
( a + b + c ) 3 + a 3 + b 3 = ( a + b ) 3 + ( a + c ) 3 + ( b + c ) 3
Setting a = 2 and b = 3 k 2 gives c = 6 k and the generator:
( 3 k 2 + 6 k + 2 ) 3 + 2 3 + ( 3 k 2 ) 3 = ( 3 k 2 + 2 ) 3 + ( 6 k + 2 ) 3 + ( 3 k 2 + 6 k ) 3
which produces infinitely many solutions that follow the given constraints when k is a positive odd integer, such as:
2 3 + 3 3 + 1 1 3 = 5 3 + 8 3 + 9 3
2 3 + 2 7 3 + 4 7 3 = 2 0 3 + 2 9 3 + 4 5 3
2 3 + 7 5 3 + 1 0 7 3 = 3 2 3 + 7 7 3 + 1 0 5 3
and so on.
Some similar generators can be found. Setting a = 6 and b = k 2 gives c = 6 k and the generator:
( k 2 + 6 k + 6 ) 3 + 6 3 + ( k 2 ) 3 = ( k 2 + 6 k ) 3 + ( 6 k + 6 ) 3 + ( k 2 + 6 ) 3
and setting a = 3 and b = 2 k 2 gives c = 6 k and the generator:
( 2 k 2 + 6 k + 3 ) 3 + 3 3 + ( 2 k 2 ) 3 = ( 2 k 2 + 6 k ) 3 + ( 6 k + 3 ) 3 + ( 2 k 2 + 3 ) 3