Two Tangents Revisited

Geometry Level 3

The radius of the circle is 5. The distance from A A to the center of the circle is 13. Points B B and C C are located on tangents to the circle from A A and the line of B C BC is tangent to the circle. The distance between is B B and C C is 7.

Given A C < A B AC<AB compute A C AC to 3 decimal places.


Inspiration: Two Tangents by Ciprian Florea


The answer is 7.146.

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1 solution

Marta Reece
Mar 15, 2017

From right triangle O D A ODA by Pythagorean theorem A D = 1 3 2 5 2 = 12 AD=\sqrt{13^2-5^2}=12 . Also O A D = a r c s i n ( 5 13 ) = 22.6 2 \angle OAD=arcsin( \frac{5}{13})=22.62^\circ .

Designating C D = C E = x CD=CE=x we get B E = B F = 7 x BE=BF=7-x .

So A C = A D C D = 12 x AC=AD-CD=12-x and A B = A F B F = 12 ( 7 x ) = 5 + x AB=AF-BF=12-(7-x)=5+x .

Law of cosines for A B C \triangle ABC will then be B C 2 = A C 2 + A B 2 2 × A C × A B × c o s ( 2 × 22.6 2 ) BC^2=AC^2+AB^2-2\times AC\times AB\times cos(2\times 22.62^\circ)

49 = ( 12 x ) 2 + ( 5 + x ) 2 2 × ( 12 x ) × ( 5 + x ) × c o s ( 45.2 4 ) 49=(12-x)^2+(5+x)^2-2\times (12-x)\times (5+x)\times cos(45.24^\circ)

There are two solutions. (Together they add up to 7, of course.) The larger will give us the smaller of the lengths A C AC and A B AB , and it is x = 4.854 x=4.854 . A C = 12 x = 7.146 AC=12-x=7.146 .

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