Typical remainders

Find the remainder when 2 1990 2^{1990} is divided by 1990.


The answer is 1024.

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1 solution

Mas Mus
Jun 6, 2015

We know that X = 1990 = 2 × 5 × 199 X=1990=2\times{5}\times{199} . Using Euler's Theorem, we have

X { 0 ( m o d 2 ) 4 ( m o d 5 ) 29 ( m o d 199 ) X\equiv\begin{cases}0\pmod{2}\\4\pmod{5}\\29\pmod{199}\end{cases}

We can write those congruences into equations for t , s , and u ~t, s, \text{and}~~u :

X = { 2 t 5 s + 4 199 u + 29 X=\begin{cases}2t\\5s+4\\199u+29\end{cases}

Start by substituting firs equation to second congruence:

2 t 4 ( m o d 5 ) t 2 ( m o d 5 ) 2t\equiv4\pmod{5}\\t\equiv2\pmod{5}

meaning that t = 5 s + 2 t=5s+2 . Substitute t t into the first equation:

X = 2 t = 10 s + 4 X=2t=10s+4 . Substitute this X X into the third congruence:

10 s + 4 29 ( m o d 199 ) 2 s 5 ( m o d 199 ) 2 s 204 ( m o d 199 ) s 102 ( m o d 199 ) \begin{array}{c}&10s+4&\equiv29\pmod{199}\\2s&\equiv5\pmod{199}\\2s&\equiv204\pmod{199}\\s&\equiv102\pmod{199}\end{array}

meaning that s = 199 u + 102 s=199u+102 . Finally,

X = 10 ( 199 u + 102 ) + 4 = 1990 u + 1024 1024 ( m o d 1990 ) X=10(199u+102)+4=1990u+1024\equiv1024\pmod{1990}

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