y = 1 − 2 ! ( 2 x ) 2 + 4 ! ( 2 x ) 4 − 6 ! ( 2 x ) 6 + …
Find d x 2 d 2 y at x = π .
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Simply the function of 'x' mentioned is the expansion of cos2x , hence double derivative of cos2x at x=pi is [-4].
The expansion of the cosine function around x = 0 is cos x = 1 − 2 ! x 2 + 4 ! x 4 − + ⋯ + ( − ) n ( 2 n ) ! x 2 n + ⋯ . Thus the given series is equal to y = cos ( 2 x ) . The derivative is therefore d x 2 d 2 cos ( 2 x ) = d x d ( − 2 sin 2 x ) = − 4 cos 2 x , and substituting x = π gives − 4 cos 2 π = − 4 .
Alternative:
The second derivative of the term T = n ! ( 2 x ) n = n ! 2 n x n is d x 2 d 2 T = n ! 2 n ⋅ n ⋅ ( n − 1 ) ⋅ x n − 2 = ( n − 2 ) ! 2 n x n − 2 = 4 ⋅ ( n − 2 ) ! ( 2 x ) n − 2 , which is equal to the previous term except for the sign. Therefore d x 2 d 2 y = − 4 y for every value of x .
Of course, to see that y = 1 when x = π , we still need to recognize that this series describes the cosine function.
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y = 1 − 2 ! ( 2 x ) 2 + 4 ! ( 2 x ) 4 − 6 ! ( 2 x ) 6 + … Above series is expansion of cos ( 2 x )
y = cos ( 2 x ) d x d y = − 2 sin ( 2 x ) d x 2 d 2 y = − 4 cos ( 2 x ) = − 4 cos ( 2 π ) = − 4