Uni-numeral calculus

Calculus Level 3

Assuming n n is a positive integer, evaluate the following integral:

0 t n e t d t \displaystyle \int_0^\infty \frac {t^n}{e^t} \mathrm{d} t

1 n ! \frac {1}{n!} n ! n! 1 Γ ( n ) \frac {1}{\Gamma (n)} Γ ( n ) \Gamma (n)

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3 solutions

Shriram Lokhande
Jun 20, 2014

The integral 0 t n e t d t \int^\infty_0 \frac{t^n}{e^t}\,dt

can be written as 0 t n + 1 1 e t d t = Γ ( n + 1 ) \int^\infty_0 t^{n+1-1}e^{-t}\,dt= \Gamma(n+1)

& as n is an positive integer Γ ( n + 1 ) = ( n ) ! \Gamma(n+1) = (n)!

Typo in line 1: d t \mathrm {d} t , not d x \mathrm {d} x .

Sharky Kesa - 6 years, 11 months ago

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thanks ! fixed .

Shriram Lokhande - 6 years, 11 months ago

How are you so good in calculus and higher math at 14??

Jayakumar Krishnan - 6 years, 11 months ago

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There are many people like that. It al is on dedication. If you have loved maths from a young age,you would strive to achieve further in it.

Sharky Kesa - 4 years, 6 months ago
James Wilson
Jan 14, 2021

I will prove this theorem by induction.

Base case ( n = 0 n=0 ): 0 t 0 e t d t = e t 0 = ( 0 1 ) = 1 = 0 ! \int_0^\infty t^0e^{-t}dt=-e^{-t}\Big|_0^\infty=-(0-1)=1=0!

Induction step: Assume 0 t n e t d t = n ! . \int_0^\infty t^ne^{-t}dt=n!.

I now show 0 t n + 1 e t d t = ( n + 1 ) ! . \int_0^\infty t^{n+1}e^{-t}dt=(n+1)!.

0 t n + 1 e t d t = t n + 1 e t 0 + 0 ( n + 1 ) t n e t d t = 0 + ( n + 1 ) n ! = ( n + 1 ) ! . \int_0^\infty t^{n+1}e^{-t}dt=-t^{n+1}e^{-t}\Big|_0^\infty+\int_0^\infty (n+1)t^ne^{-t}dt=0+(n+1)n!=(n+1)!.

By the principle of mathematical induction, 0 t n e t d t = n ! \int_0^\infty t^ne^{-t}dt=n! for all n 0. n\geq 0.

Tom Engelsman
Nov 22, 2016

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