Consider a unit circle centered on the origin in the plane. What is the average distance from a point on the unit circle to the point ?
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Let the point on the unit circle be ( cos θ , sin θ )
Now, the average distance from the point ( 1 , 0 ) is
2 π 1 ∫ 0 2 π 2 − 2 cos θ d θ
= π 1 ∫ 0 2 π ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ sin ( 2 θ ) ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ d θ
= π 4