Unit of Power of Power

201 9 202 0 2021 \large 2019^{2020^{2021}}

What is the units digit of the number above?

5 1 3 0 4 2

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4 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
May 28, 2020

201 9 202 0 2021 ( 2020 1 ) 202 0 2021 ( 1 ) 202 0 2021 1 (mod 10) 2019^{2020^{2021}} \equiv (2020-1)^{2020^{2021}} \equiv (-1)^{2020^{2021}} \equiv \boxed 1 \text{ (mod 10)}

It might be ok

Sukhendu Samajdar - 1 year ago

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What do you mean by it might be OK. It is OK>

Chew-Seong Cheong - 1 year ago
Richard Desper
May 28, 2020

9 2 1 m o d 10 9^2 \equiv 1 \mod 10

And since 1 k 1 m o d 10 1^k \equiv 1 \mod 10 for any integral value of k, 9 2 k 1 m o d 10 9^{2k} \equiv 1 \mod 10 for any value of k k .

Finally, 202 0 2021 2020^{2021} is an even number.

I know it is not a rigorous approach, but I don't know more than this.

Any power of a number ending in 9 9 ends in 1 1 or 9 9 . Since only 1 1 is in options, it is the answer.

Bro I have a trick do you want to know?

SRIJAN Singh - 8 months, 1 week ago
Sukhendu Samajdar
May 28, 2020

2020^2021, the unit digit of the power will always be 0 as 2020 ends with 0. As we need to find out the unit digit, we can forget the first 3 digits as they will not make a change to the unit digit. Therefore we need to find out 9^2020^2021. When we keep multiplying 9 by itself, the unit digit alternates between 9 and 1. Example:9,81,729,6561, etc. Notice the unit digit alternates between 9 and 1. Therefore every odd power of 9 has unit digit 9 and every even power has unit digit 1. As we find 2020^2021 ends with 0, and zero is even, the unit digit of 2019^2020^2021 is 0

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