Unusual Identity

Geometry Level 3

If

( 4 cos 2 ( 9 ) 3 ) × ( 4 cos 2 ( 27 ) 3 ) = tan ( x ) (4 {\cos}^2({9}^{\circ})-3)\times(4 {\cos}^2({27}^{\circ})-3) = \tan({x}^{\circ})

Where x x^\circ is in between 0 0^\circ and 9 0 90^\circ . Evaluate x 2 x^2 (in degrees)


The answer is 81.

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1 solution

Ishan Singh
Mar 19, 2015

By the Triple Angle Identity for cosine, we have,

4 cos 3 ( θ ) 3 cos θ = cos 3 θ 4 {\cos}^3({\theta}) - 3\cos{\theta} = \cos{3\theta}

4 cos 2 ( θ ) 3 = cos 3 θ cos θ \implies 4 {\cos}^2({\theta})-3 = \dfrac{\cos{3\theta}}{\cos{\theta}}

Therefore,

( 4 cos 2 ( 9 ) 3 ) × ( 4 cos 2 ( 27 ) 3 ) = cos ( 2 7 ) cos ( 9 ) × cos ( 8 1 ) cos 2 7 (4 {\cos}^2({9}^{\circ})-3)\times(4 {\cos}^2({27}^{\circ})-3) = \dfrac{\cos(27^{\circ})}{\cos(9^{\circ})} \times \dfrac{\cos(81^{\circ})}{\cos{27^{\circ}}}

= sin ( 9 0 8 1 ) cos ( 9 ) = \dfrac{\sin(90^{\circ} - 81^{\circ})}{\cos(9^{\circ})}

= sin ( 9 ) cos ( 9 ) = tan ( 9 ) = \dfrac{\sin(9^{\circ})}{\cos(9^{\circ})} = \tan(9^{\circ})

x 2 = 81 \implies x^2 = \boxed{81}

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