Vector problem

Geometry Level 3

The vector F \overrightarrow { F } is the sum of vectors f 1 \overrightarrow { { f }_{ 1 } } and f 2 \overrightarrow { { f }_{ 2 } } such that ( f 1 , f 2 ) = 60 ° \sphericalangle \quad (\overrightarrow { { f }_{ 1 } } ,\overrightarrow { { f }_{ 2 } } )\quad =\quad 60° and f 1 : f 2 = 2 : 3 |\overrightarrow { { f }_{ 1 } }| : |\overrightarrow { { f }_{ 2 } }| \quad =\quad 2:3 . Let x x = the angle enclosed by f 1 \overrightarrow { { f }_{ 1 } } and F \overrightarrow { F } , and let y y = the angle enclosed by f 2 \overrightarrow { { f }_{ 2 } } and F \overrightarrow { F } (both in degrees). Find the value of y x y-x correct to 3 significant figures.

Note. Answer should be positive.


The answer is 13.2.

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1 solution

Patryk Korczak
Dec 21, 2015

It is noticeable that the vectors create a parallelogram as shown in the diagram

Due to the fact that opposite angles in a parallelogram equal each other, we know the angles inside are 60, 60, 120 and 120 degrees. Furthermore, as f 1 \overrightarrow { { f }_{ 1 } } : f 2 \overrightarrow { { f }_{ 2 } } , then they must also in ratio to F \overrightarrow { F } . We can use the cosine rule to find F \overrightarrow { F } . a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2 b c cos A { a }^{ 2 }={ b }^{ 2 }+{ c }^{ 2 }-2bc\cos { A } F 2 : f 1 2 + f 2 2 2 f 1 f 2 cos 120 F 2 : 2 2 + 3 2 2 ( 2 ) ( 3 ) cos 120 F 2 = 19 F = 19 \therefore \quad \overrightarrow { { F }^{ 2 } } :\quad \overrightarrow { { f }_{ 1 }^{ 2 } } +\overrightarrow { { f }_{ 2 }^{ 2 } } -2{ f }_{ 1 }{ f }_{ 2 }\cos { 120 } \\ \overrightarrow { { F }^{ 2 } } :{ 2 }^{ 2 }+{ 3 }^{ 2 }-2(2)(3)\cos { 120 } \\ \overrightarrow { { F }^{ 2 } } =19\quad \therefore \quad \overrightarrow { F } =\sqrt { 19 }

Therefore we may conclude that f 1 : f 2 : F \overrightarrow { { f }_{ 1 } } :\overrightarrow { { f }_{ 2 } } :\overrightarrow { F } so that 2 : 3 : 19 2:3:\sqrt { 19 } .

To find the remaining angles, all that remains is to use the Cosine Rule. cos A = b 2 + c 2 a 2 2 b c \cos { A } =\frac { { b }^{ 2 }+{ c }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } }{ 2bc } . Substituting the correct values to find the angle enclosed by f 2 \overrightarrow { { f }_{ 2 } } and F \overrightarrow { F } , we get cos 1 ( ( 19 ) 2 + 3 2 2 2 2 × 19 × 2 ) = 36.6 ° \cos ^{ -1 }{ \left( \frac { { (\sqrt { 19 } ) }^{ 2 }+{ 3 }^{ 2 }-{ 2 }^{ 2 } }{ 2\times \sqrt { 19 } \times 2 } \right) } =36.6° (3sf). This equals y y . Further more since x + y x+y must equal 60 degrees, x = 23.4 ° x=23.4° .

Therefore y x y-x must equal 13.2.

Moderator note:

The question phrasing could be improved by being clear with what you want to state. For example, you actually refer to the ratio of the magnitudes, instead of the ratio of the vectors directly.

Also, we generally take counter-clockwise angles as positive. This affects the positioning of your solution, but it's fine otherwise.

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