Vertical Tangents?

Calculus Level 4

Consider the curve given by x y 2 x 3 y = 6 xy^2-x^3y=6 .

Find the x x -coordinate of each point on the curve where the tangent line is vertical.

Only 24 5 \sqrt[5]{-24} 24 5 \sqrt[5]{-24} and 0 0 Only 0 0 None of the above

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1 solution

Alex Delhumeau
Nov 19, 2016

The tangent line to a curve is vertical when the slope is undefined, i.e. when the derivative of the curve does not exist.

Taking the derivative of x y 2 x 3 y = 6 xy^2-x^3y=6 by implicit differentiation gives ( x 2 y d y d x + 1 y 2 ) ( x 3 d y d x + 3 x 2 y ) d y d x (x*2y\dfrac{dy}{dx} + 1*y^2)-(x^3*\dfrac{dy}{dx} +3x^2*y) \Rightarrow \dfrac{dy}{dx} = 3 x 2 y y 2 2 x y x 3 =\large{\frac{3x^2y-y^2}{2xy-x^3}} , which will be undefined when 2 x y x 3 = 0 2xy-x^3=0 .

Factoring 2 x y x 3 = x ( 2 y x 2 ) 2xy-x^3=x(2y-x^2) makes the trivial solution x = 0 x=0 to this equation immediately apparent, but since the original curve itself does not exist at x = 0 x=0 , this answer is extraneous . Instead, rather, solve for 2 y x 2 = 0 y = x 2 2 2y-x^2=0 \rightarrow y=\large{\frac{x^2}{2}} by plugging back into the original curve:

x y 2 x 3 y = 6 x ( x 2 2 ) 2 xy^2-x^3y=6 \rightarrow x*(\large{\frac{x^2}{2})^2} ( x 3 x 2 2 -(x^3*\large{\frac{x^2}{2}} ) ) )) = 6 x 5 / 4 x 5 / 2 = 6 x 5 / 4 = 6 x 5 = 24 x = 6 \rightarrow x^5/4-x^5/2=6 \rightarrow -x^5/4 = 6 \rightarrow -x^5=24 \rightarrow x = 24 5 \boxed{\sqrt[5]{-24}} , which is a point on the original curve.

No, it isn't. One can take an odd root of a negative number and still yield a real result (e.g. the cube root of -1).

tom engelsman - 4 years, 6 months ago

This co-ordinate is a complex quantity.It doesn't exisits in real axis.

Kushal Bose - 4 years, 6 months ago

x ia a negative number. x=-24^0.2

Alexander Anghel - 2 years, 2 months ago

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