Brilli the ant is orbiting a fictitious planet of radius and centered at the origin of a reference coordinate frame. The radius of the orbit is , and the orbital plane is the plane. An alien positioned at is observing Brilli in orbit. Find the percentage of Brilli's orbit that is visible to the alien.
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We are asked to find out when Brilli disappears from view and when she reappears. This happens at the far points when the line of vision is tangent to the sphere, with a distance of 10 from the origin. The line through v = ( 1 0 0 , 1 0 0 , 5 0 ) and w = ( 1 8 cos t , 1 8 sin t , 0 ) has a distance of d = ∣ ∣ v − w ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ v × w ∣ ∣ from the origin. Setting this distance equal to 10 gives t ≈ 3 . 3 5 4 7 and t ≈ 4 . 4 9 9 3 as the time interval when Brilli disappears from view. Thus about 1 − 2 π 4 . 4 9 9 3 − 3 . 3 5 4 7 ≈ 8 1 . 8 % of the orbit are visible.