Visibility of Brilli's Orbit

Geometry Level 3

Brilli the ant is orbiting a fictitious planet of radius 10 10 and centered at the origin of a reference coordinate frame. The radius of the orbit is 18 18 , and the orbital plane is the x y xy plane. An alien positioned at ( 100 , 100 , 50 ) (100,100,50) is observing Brilli in orbit. Find the percentage of Brilli's orbit that is visible to the alien.


The answer is 81.78.

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2 solutions

Otto Bretscher
Nov 2, 2018

We are asked to find out when Brilli disappears from view and when she reappears. This happens at the far points when the line of vision is tangent to the sphere, with a distance of 10 from the origin. The line through v = ( 100 , 100 , 50 ) \mathbf{v}=(100,100,50) and w = ( 18 cos t , 18 sin t , 0 ) \mathbf{w}=(18\cos t,18\sin t,0) has a distance of d = v × w v w d=\frac{||\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{w}||}{||\mathbf{v}-\mathbf{w}||} from the origin. Setting this distance equal to 10 gives t 3.3547 t\approx 3.3547 and t 4.4993 t\approx 4.4993 as the time interval when Brilli disappears from view. Thus about 1 4.4993 3.3547 2 π 81.8 % 1-\frac{4.4993-3.3547}{2\pi}\approx \boxed{81.8\text{\%}} of the orbit are visible.

Steven Chase
Nov 3, 2018

Maybe one with a cube next?

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