Let be the volume of the 3-dimensional structure bounded by the regions , , , and . What is the value of
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We can start by integrating in the z-direction, given 0 ≤ z ≤ 1 − x 2 − y 2 : ∫ 0 1 − x 2 − y 2 d z = 1 − x 2 − y 2 (Ignoring constants of integration.) Then, given x 2 + y 2 ≤ x , we can see that y ≤ x − x 2 . Now we integrate in the y-direction: \begin{aligned}\int_{0}^{\sqrt{x-x^2}} (1-x^2-y^2) \,\mathrm{d}y &= \left[y-x^2 y-\frac{1}{3} y^3\right]_0^\sqrt{x-x^2} \\ &= \sqrt{x-x^2} -x^2 \sqrt{x-x^2} -\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{x-x^2}^3 \\ &= \left(-\frac{2}{3}x^2 -\frac{1}{3}x+1\right) \sqrt{x-x^2} \end{aligned} Next, given that x ≥ 0 , for 0 ≤ y ≤ x − x 2 , then x ≤ 1 . So we can finally integrate in the x-direction: ∫ 0 1 ( ( − 3 2 x 2 − 3 1 x + 1 ) x − x 2 ) d x = 6 4 5 π ≈ 0 . 2 4 5 4