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The function f ( x ) = x − [ x ] is a periodic function. In fact, f ( x ) = x m o d 1 , and its period is 1 .
Considering only the first period 0 ≤ x < 1 , since x is less than the modulus, f ( x ) = x . The integral in this period is therefore ∫ 0 1 f ( x ) = 2 1 2 = 0 . 5 Since it is a periodic function, the integral will be the same in every period. We are finding the integral in 2 periods, so the answer is 2 × 0 . 5 = 1