In square , four congruent equilateral triangles are wedged in to form the inner red square.
Let be the area of the red square.
If , where and are coprime positive integers, find .
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Let m be a side of square A B C D .
Let A e be the area of equilateral △ D F E ⟹ 4 A e = 4 ( 2 1 ) ( a ) ( 2 3 a ) = 3 a 2
Let A I be the area of △ G F D
The height h △ G F D = ( m − a ) sin ( 6 0 ∘ ) = 2 3 ( m − a ) ⟹
4 A I = 4 ( 2 1 ) ( m − a ) 2 ( 2 3 ) = 3 ( m − a ) 2
Using the law of cosines on △ G F D with included ∠ F G D ⟹
a 2 = 2 ( m − a ) 2 ( 2 3 ) = 3 ( m − a ) 2 = 3 a 2 − 6 m a + 3 m 2 ⟹ 2 a 2 − 6 m a + 3 m 2 = 0
⟹ a = 2 3 ± 3 m
a = 2 3 + 3 m ⟹ m − a = − ( 1 + 3 ) m < 0
a = 2 3 − 3 m ⟹ m − a = 2 3 − 1 m
∴ we drop a = 2 3 + 3 m and choose a = 2 3 − 3 m
⟹ 4 A e = 4 3 ( 3 − 3 ) 2 m 2 = 2 3 3 ( 2 − 3 ) m 2
and
4 A I = 3 ( m − a ) 2 = 4 3 ( 3 − 1 ) 2 m 2 = 2 3 ( 2 − 3 ) m 2
⟹ A s = m 2 − ( 4 A e + 4 A I ) = ( 1 − ( 2 3 ( 2 − 3 ) ) ) m 2 = ( 1 − ( 4 3 − 6 ) ) m 2
= ( 7 − 4 3 ) m 2
⟹ A △ A B C D A s = ( 7 − 4 3 ) = α − β λ ⟹ α + β + λ = 1 4 .