A dictionary is printed consisted of 7-lettered words that can be made with the letters of the word "CRICKET". If the words are printed in the alphabetical order, as in an ordinary dictionary. Find the position of the word "CRICKET" in that dictionary.
Note : Words need not to be meaningful.
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The alphabets in the sorted order will be { C , E , I , K , R , T } .
We could replace the sorted set with sorted numbered set { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 } .
Hence the process of generating 7 -letter words can be transformed into the problem of generating 7 -digit numbers from the above set.
The position of 1 5 3 1 4 2 6 (CRICKET) in sorted order would be as follows-
For the number 1 5 3 1 4 2 6 :
7 t h digit is the smallest possible.
6 t h digit came after { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } , hence after 4 × 5 ! numbers.
5 t h digit came after { 1 , 2 } , hence after 2 × 4 ! numbers.
4 t h digit is the smallest possible.
3 r d digit came after { 2 } , hence after 2 ! numbers.
2 n d digit is the smallest possible.
1 s t digit is the smallest possible.
Hence position of 1 5 3 1 4 2 6 (CRICKET) =
Position of numbers before 1 5 3 1 4 2 6 (CRICKET) + 1 =
4 × 5 ! + 2 × 4 ! + 2 ! + 1 = 5 3 1