x 3 + 3 x 2 + 9 x − 1 3 = 3 − 2 x + 9 5 4 3 − 2 7 Find the sum of all real roots of the equation above. Submit your answer to 2 decimal places.
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Nice one, exactly how I did it too.
Here's my approach. The constrain of x is x ∈ [ 1 ; 2 3 ] x 3 + 3 x 2 + 9 x − 1 3 = 3 − 2 x + 9 5 4 3 − 2 7 ⇔ x 3 + 3 x 2 + 9 x − 1 3 − 9 5 4 3 + 9 2 7 − 3 − 2 x = 0 ⇔ x 3 + 3 x 2 + 9 x − 1 3 + 9 5 4 3 x 3 − 3 x 2 + 9 x − 2 7 5 3 2 + 3 − 2 x + 9 2 7 2 x − 3 8 = 0 ⇔ ( x − 3 4 ) ( x 3 + 3 x 2 + 9 x − 1 3 + 9 5 4 3 x 2 + 3 1 3 x + 9 1 3 3 + 3 − 2 x + 9 2 7 2 ) = 0 We see that x 3 + 3 x 2 + 9 x − 1 3 + 9 5 4 3 x 2 + 3 1 3 x + 9 1 3 3 + 3 − 2 x + 9 2 7 2 > 0 ; ∀ x ∈ [ 1 ; 2 3 ] , so the only root is x = 3 4 ≈ 1 . 3 3
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x 3 + 3 x 2 + 9 x − 1 3 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 9 x − 1 3 − 3 − 2 x = 3 − 2 x + 9 5 4 3 − 2 7 = 2 7 1 8 1 − 3 1
Equating the radicals and consider the smaller ones first.
3 − 2 x ⟹ 3 − 2 x 2 x ⟹ x = 3 1 = 3 1 = 3 8 = 3 4
Substituting x = 3 4 is the first radical,
x 3 + 3 x 2 + 9 x − 1 3 = 2 7 6 4 + 3 ⋅ 9 1 6 + 9 ⋅ 3 4 − 1 3 = 2 7 6 4 + 1 4 4 + 3 2 4 − 3 5 1 = 2 7 1 8 1 = R H S
Note that the equation is only valid for 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 3 , because x 3 + 3 x 2 + 9 x − 1 3 < 0 for x < 1 and 3 − 2 x < 0 for x > 2 3 . Also note that within x ∈ [ 1 , 2 3 ] , x 3 + 3 x 2 + 9 x − 1 3 is continuously increasing and 3 − 2 x , continuously decreasing, therefore, x = 3 4 is the only real root and that the sum of real roots is also 3 4 ≈ 1 . 3 3 .