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Find the 3rd digit to the right of the decimal point of the base n n expansion of 1 n ( 1 n + 1 ) ( 1 1 n ) 3 \frac{\frac{1}{n}(\frac{1}{n}+1)}{(1-\frac{1}{n})^3} when n = 11 n=11 .


The answer is 10.

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2 solutions

Otto Bretscher
Sep 14, 2015

The given expression is n ( n + 1 ) ( n 1 ) 3 \frac{n(n+1)}{(n-1)^3} . If we multiply by n 3 n^3 , then we are looking for the digit before the base point. For n = 11 n=11 we have n 4 ( n + 1 ) ( n 1 ) 3 = 175 = 1 1 2 + 4 11 + 10 \lfloor\frac{n^4(n+1)}{(n-1)^3}\rfloor=175=11^2+4*11+10 , so that the answer is 10 \boxed{10} .

Moderator note:

Nice usage of the floor function to simplify the decimal-base calculation.

Jake Lai
Sep 14, 2015

Notice that the given expression is a well-known expression from calculus and the theory of generating functions; namely, it generates the square numbers like so:

1 n ( 1 n + 1 ) ( 1 1 n ) 3 = k = 1 k 2 n k \frac{\frac{1}{n}(\frac{1}{n}+1)}{(1-\frac{1}{n})^3} = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{k^2}{n^k}

Since this translates to a (more or less) direct base n n expansion of the expression, all we need to do is look at the third digit, which happens to be k 2 = 3 2 = 9 k^2 = 3^2 = 9 .

However, notice that at k = 4 k = 4 , k 2 = 4 2 = 16 k^2 = 4^2 = 16 exceeds n = 11 n = 11 . Thus, we need to carry over, resulting in a 10 instead.

Therefore, the third digit is 10 \boxed{10} .

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