Find the 3rd digit to the right of the decimal point of the base n expansion of ( 1 − n 1 ) 3 n 1 ( n 1 + 1 ) when n = 1 1 .
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Nice usage of the floor function to simplify the decimal-base calculation.
Notice that the given expression is a well-known expression from calculus and the theory of generating functions; namely, it generates the square numbers like so:
( 1 − n 1 ) 3 n 1 ( n 1 + 1 ) = k = 1 ∑ ∞ n k k 2
Since this translates to a (more or less) direct base n expansion of the expression, all we need to do is look at the third digit, which happens to be k 2 = 3 2 = 9 .
However, notice that at k = 4 , k 2 = 4 2 = 1 6 exceeds n = 1 1 . Thus, we need to carry over, resulting in a 10 instead.
Therefore, the third digit is 1 0 .
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The given expression is ( n − 1 ) 3 n ( n + 1 ) . If we multiply by n 3 , then we are looking for the digit before the base point. For n = 1 1 we have ⌊ ( n − 1 ) 3 n 4 ( n + 1 ) ⌋ = 1 7 5 = 1 1 2 + 4 ∗ 1 1 + 1 0 , so that the answer is 1 0 .