Weird formula

Algebra Level 4

Let g ( x ) g\left( x \right) be the product of all prime divisors of x x .

Find the sum of all positive integer values n > 1 n>1 so that g ( n 2 n + 1 ) ( n + 1 ) g\left( { n }^{ 2 }-n+1 \right) |(n+1) .


The answer is 2.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Jun 26, 2018

If N > 1 N > 1 then g ( N ) > 1 g(N)> 1 divides N N .

If n > 1 n > 1 is such that g ( n 2 n + 1 ) g(n^2-n+1) divides n + 1 n+1 , then g ( n 2 n + 1 ) g(n^2-n+1) must divide both n 2 n + 1 n^2-n+1 and n + 1 n+1 . Since n 2 n + 1 = ( n 2 ) ( n + 1 ) + 3 n^2-n+1 = (n-2)(n+1)+3 , this means that g ( n 2 n + 1 ) g(n^2-n+1) divides 3 3 , and hence must be equal to 3 3 . Thus we deduce that n 2 n + 1 = 3 K n^2-n+1 = 3^K for some K 1 K \ge 1 . If n 0 ( m o d 3 ) n \equiv 0 \pmod{3} or n 1 ( m o d 3 ) n \equiv 1 \pmod{3} it is easy to see that n 2 n + 1 1 ( m o d 3 ) n^2 - n + 1 \equiv 1 \pmod{3} . Thus we must have n 2 ( m o d 3 ) n \equiv 2 \pmod{3} . But if we write n = 3 m 1 n = 3m-1 we see that n 2 n + 1 = 9 m ( m 1 ) + 3 n^2-n+1 = 9m(m-1) + 3 is divisible by 3 3 but not by 9 9 . Thus we deduce that K = 1 K=1 and hence that n 2 n + 1 = 3 n^2-n+1= 3 . Thus ( n 2 ) ( n + 1 ) = 0 (n-2)(n+1)=0 and so (since n > 1 n > 1 ), n = 2 n = 2 . It is easy to see that n = 2 n=2 is indeed a solution. Thus the only possible answer, and hence the sum of all possible answers, is 2 \boxed{2} .

Nice solution!

Steven Jim - 2 years, 11 months ago

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