What a big difference a small change can make

Geometry Level 5

I have three analog clocks. Clock 1 is correct, Clock 2 gains one minute every hour, and Clock 3 loses one minute every hour. I set them all to the correct time at 12 12 AM. At 8 : 20 8 \! : \! 20 PM, the angle between the hour and minute hands on Clock 1 is A A^{\circ} , the angle between the hour and minute hands on Clock 2 is B B^{\circ} , and the angle between the hour and minute hands on Clock 3 is C C^{\circ} . Assume 0 A , B , C 180 0 \leq A, B, C \leq 180 . Find the value of A + B + C \left \lfloor A + B + C \right \rfloor .


The answer is 266.

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2 solutions

Steven Yuan
Jul 5, 2015

First, we must determine the time that each clock shows. Since Clock 1 is correct, it shows the time 8 : 20 8 \! : \! 20 . Clock 2 gains one minute every hour, so since 20 1 3 20 \frac{1}{3} hours past since 12 12 AM, Clock 2 shows 8 : 40 1 3 8 \! : \! 40 \frac{1}{3} . In the same fashion, we can find that Clock 3 shows the time 7 : 59 2 3 7 \! : \! 59 \frac{2}{3} .

Next, we find the non-convex angle between the hour and minute hands for each of these times. We will derive a general formula for the angle first, then plug in our values:

Let H H be the hour and M M be the minute. Every minute, the minute hand moves 6 6^{\circ} counterclockwise, so after M minutes, the minute hand moved 6 M 6M degrees from the pointing up position. Now, for every minute that passes, the hour hand moves 1 2 \frac{1}{2}^{\circ} , and for every hour that passes the hour hand moves 3 0 30^{\circ} . Thus, the hour hand is 30 H + 1 2 M 30H + \frac{1}{2}M degrees from the pointing up position. The angle between the hour and minute hands is the absolute value of the difference between these two angles.

Angle between the hour and minute hands = 30 H + 1 2 M 6 M = 30 H 11 2 M = 1 2 60 H 11 M . \begin{aligned} \text{Angle between the hour and minute hands} &= \left | 30H + \frac{1}{2}M - 6M \right | \\ &= \left | 30H - \frac{11}{2} M \right | \\ &= \frac{1}{2} | 60H - 11M |. \end{aligned}

Now, we can find the angles. For Clock 1, we have

1 2 60 H 11 M = 1 2 60 ( 8 ) 11 ( 20 ) = 13 0 . \frac{1}{2} | 60H - 11M | = \frac{1}{2} |60(8) - 11(20) | = 130^{\circ}.

For Clock 2, we have

1 2 60 H 11 M = 1 2 60 ( 8 ) 11 ( 40 1 3 ) = 109 6 . \frac{1}{2} | 60H - 11M | = \frac{1}{2} \left | 60(8) - 11( 40 \frac{1}{3} ) \right | = \frac{109}{6}^{\circ}.

For Clock 3, we have

1 2 60 H 11 M = 1 2 60 ( 7 ) 11 ( 59 2 3 ) = 709 6 . \frac{1}{2} | 60H - 11M | = \frac{1}{2} \left |60(7) - 11(59 \frac{2}{3}) \right | = \frac{709}{6}^{\circ}.

Thus,

A + B + C = 130 + 109 6 + 409 3 = 266 . \left \lfloor A + B + C \right \rfloor = \left \lfloor 130 + \frac{109}{6} +\frac{409}{3} \right \rfloor = \boxed{266} .

I think there is a contradiction between the question and the solution. In the question, the clocks are set to the correct time at 12 AM and the time used in the solution is 12 PM. Correct me if I'm wrong.

Shandy Rianto - 5 years, 11 months ago

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I solved the problem (correct) by taking 12 am as 0000 hrs or 12 midnight. Still the usage of am with 12 leads to a little ambiguity, but I got the right answer with 12 midnight... By the way, its a typo in the solution...

Pankaj Joshi - 5 years, 11 months ago

Yeah, it's supposed to be 12 AM. I'll fix that.

Steven Yuan - 5 years, 11 months ago

I agree. I solved using 12 am (noon), and got a wrong answer. Mystified, I came to the solutions to find people were using 12pm (midnight) to get the correct answer!

Bryna Maloney-Keyes - 5 years, 10 months ago

@Steven Yuan Please mention 12AM to be 12 midnight as an additional note. It will help remove ambiguity.

Great Problem and Solution.

Overrated though!

Sualeh Asif - 5 years, 11 months ago

Note that 1 minute movement by minute arm M is 6 degrees rotation, and by the hour arm H, it is 6/12= 0.5 degree rotation. So the CHANGE in angle between the two arms, for one minute by M, will be 6 0.5 = 5.5 d e g r e e s . The start and end has 20.33 hours. So Clock 2 will gain 20.33 minutes and Clock 3 will loss 20.33 minute. At 8:00, all clocks will have the minute arm at 0 degrees and hour arm at 240 degrees clockwise. C l o c k 1 It will show 8:20 . So M has moved by 20 minutes. So the distance between H and M has reduced by 20 5.5 = 11 0 o . a n g l e b e t w e e n H a n d M i s 240 110 = 13 0 o . C l o c k 2. It will show 8:20 +20.33= 8:40.33. M has moved 40.33 minutes. So the distance between H and M has reduced by 40.33 5.5 = 221.83 3 o . a n g l e b e t w e e n H a n d M i s 240 221.833 = 18.16 6 o . C l o c k 3. It will show 8:20 -20.33= 7.59.66. M has moved - 0.33 minutes. So the distance between H and M has reduced by 0.33 5.5 = 1.8 6 o . a n g l e b e t w e e n H a n d M i s 240 ( 1.86 ) = 241.8 6 o . B u t w e need angle less than 180. So the angle is 360 241.86 = 118.193 3 o . Angle between H and M is always +tive for this problem. 130 + 18.166 + 118.1933 = 266 \text{Note that 1 minute movement by minute arm M is 6 degrees rotation,} \\ \text{and by the hour arm H, it is 6/12= 0.5 degree rotation.} \\ \text{So the CHANGE in angle between the two arms, } \\ \text{ for one minute by M, will be } 6 - 0 .5=\color{#3D99F6}{ 5.5 degrees.} \\ ~~~\\\text{The start and end has 20.33 hours.} \\ \text {So Clock 2 will gain 20.33 minutes and Clock 3 will loss 20.33 minute.} \\~~~\\ \text{ At 8:00, all clocks will have the minute arm at 0 degrees} \\ \text{ and hour arm at 240 degrees clockwise. } \\~~\\Clock ~1 \\ \text{It will show 8:20 . So M has moved by 20 minutes. So} \\ \text{the distance between H and M has reduced by } 20 * 5.5=110^o.\\ \therefore~ angle~ between~ H~ and ~M ~is~240-110=\color{#D61F06}{130^o} .\\~~~~~\\Clock 2. \\ \text{It will show 8:20 +20.33= 8:40.33. M has moved 40.33 minutes. So}\\ \text{the distance between H and M has reduced by } 40.33 * 5.5=221.833^o.\\ \therefore~ angle~ between~ H~ and ~M ~is~240-221.833=\color{#D61F06} {18.166^o} . \\~~~~~~\\Clock 3. \\ \text{It will show 8:20 -20.33= 7.59.66. M has moved - 0.33 minutes. So}\\ \text{the distance between H and M has reduced by } - 0.33* 5.5=- 1.86^o.\\ \therefore~ angle~ between~ H~ and ~M ~is~240-(-1.86)={241.86^o} . But ~we \\ \text{need angle less than 180. So the angle is } 360- 241.86=\color{#D61F06}{118.1933^o}. ~~\\~~\\\text{Angle between H and M is always +tive for this problem.} \\ \lfloor 130+18.166+118.1933 \rfloor =~~~~~~~~~\Large \color{#EC7300}{266}

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