Long Division Takes Forever!

There are a few integers n n such that n 2 + n + 1 n^2+n+1 divides n 2013 + 61 n^{2013}+61 . Find the sum of these integers.


The answer is -2.

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2 solutions

Grant Bulaong
Jul 20, 2016

We have n 2013 + 61 = n 2013 1 + 62 = ( n 667 1 ) ( n 1334 + n 667 + 1 ) + 62 n^{2013} + 61=n^{2013}-1+62=(n^{667}-1)(n^{1334}+n^{667}+1)+62 . Since the roots of n 2 + n + 1 n^2+n+1 are the complex cube roots of unity, n 2 + n + 1 n^2+n+1 divides n 1334 + n 667 + 1 n^{1334}+n^{667}+1 for integer values of n n . We are left to look for solutions which make 62 n 2 + n + 1 \dfrac{62}{n^2+n+1} an integer. By replacing the denominator with factors of 62, we get 6 , 1 , 0 , 5 -6,-1,0,5 which sum to 2 -2 .

It's also important to note that n 2 + n + 1 > 0 n^2+n+1>0 .

Grant Bulaong - 4 years, 10 months ago

How n^2013-1+62=n^667-1(n^1334+n^667+1)?

Mr Yovan - 4 years, 10 months ago

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Sum/Difference of two cubes.

Grant Bulaong - 4 years, 10 months ago

How n 2 + n + 1 n^2+n+1 divides n 1334 + n 667 + 1 n^{1334}+n^{667}+1 . Please explain as i am new to complex numbers.

Chirayu Bhardwaj - 4 years, 10 months ago

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If we set n 2 + n + 1 = 0 n^2+n+1=0 , we have n 3 = 1 n^3=1 . Then n 1334 + n 667 + 1 = n 2 + n + 1 n^{1334}+n^{667}+1=n^2+n+1 .

Grant Bulaong - 4 years, 9 months ago
Michael Wood
Jul 22, 2016

Notice that

n 2013 + 61 n^{2013}+61

= ( n 3 ) 671 + 61 =(n^{3})^{671}+61

( n 3 + n 2 + n + 1 ) 671 + 61 \equiv (n^{3}+n^{2}+n+1)^{671}+61 ( m o d (mod n 2 + n + 1 ) {n^{2}+n+1})

( n ( n 2 + n + 1 ) + 1 ) 671 + 61 \equiv (n(n^{2}+n+1)+1)^{671}+61 ( m o d (mod n 2 + n + 1 ) {n^{2}+n+1})

1 671 + 61 \equiv 1^{671}+61 ( m o d (mod n 2 + n + 1 ) {n^{2}+n+1})

62 \equiv 62 ( m o d (mod n 2 + n + 1 ) {n^{2}+n+1})

From the above, n 2 + n + 1 n^{2}+n+1 divides n 2013 + 61 n^{2013}+61 iff n 2 + n + 1 n^{2}+n+1 divides 62 62 .

Notice also that

( n 1 ) 2 + ( n 1 ) + 1 (-n-1)^{2}+(-n-1)+1

= n 2 + 2 n + 1 n 1 + 1 =n^{2}+2n+1-n-1+1

= n 2 + n + 1 =n^{2}+n+1

Thus, it is sufficient to replace n n with non-negative integers in order to look for all the possible integers n n . Substituting n 8 n \geq 8 will result in n 2 + n + 1 > 62 n^{2}+n+1>62 , which implies n 2 + n + 1 n^{2}+n+1 does not divide 62 62 . Hence, there is no solution for n n in [ 8 , ) [8, \infty) and also ( , 9 ] (-\infty, -9] . Now by substituting n n with non-negative integers from 0 0 to 7 7 , we find that only 0 0 and 5 5 work. Therefore, 1 -1 and 6 -6 are solutions too. Summing up 6 -6 , 1 -1 , 0 0 and 5 5 gives 2 \boxed{-2} , which is the answer.

Note: You should explain why you only focused on "non-negative integers from 0 to 7". I'm guessing that you have a good reason for doing so, but not everyone is a mind reader.

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 10 months ago

Since (-n-1)^2+(-n-1)+1=n^2+n+1, it is sufficient for us to replace n with non-negative integers in order to look for all the possible integers n. Substituting n with 8 and integers above 8 will result in n^2+n+1>62, which implies n^2+n+1 does not divide 62, thus there is no solution in [8, infinity) and also (-infinity, -9] as (-n-1)^2+(-n-1)+1=n^2+n+1. This is why we should only focus on non-negative integers from 0 to 7. Thank you for the advice :)

Michael Wood - 4 years, 10 months ago

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Great! Can you add that to your solution? You can edit it directly by clicking on the Edit button at the bottom.

Calvin Lin Staff - 4 years, 10 months ago

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