Let { a n } and { b n } be two sequences of real numbers such that a 0 b 0 = 1 , and, for all integers n ≥ 0 , the following is satisfied:
a n + 1 b n + 1 = 6 ( a n − b n ) − 2 ( a n + b n ) = 6 ( a n + b n ) + 2 ( a n − b n ) .
Find the value of x , to the nearest tenth, such that a 2 0 1 6 b 2 0 1 6 = 2 x .
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Consider the sequence of vectors ( b n a n ) . If we write our recursions as
a n + 1 b n + 1 = ( 6 − 2 ) a n + ( − 6 − 2 ) b n = ( 6 + 2 ) a n + ( 6 − 2 ) b n ,
we realize that we can represent ( b n + 1 a n + 1 ) as a product of a matrix and the vector ( b n a n ) . We have
( b n + 1 a n + 1 ) = ( ( 6 + 2 ) a n + ( 6 − 2 ) b n ( 6 − 2 ) a n + ( − 6 − 2 ) b n ) = ( 6 − 2 6 + 2 − 6 − 2 6 − 2 ) ( b n a n ) = 4 ( ( 6 − 2 ) / 4 ( 6 + 2 ) / 4 ( − 6 − 2 ) / 4 ( 6 − 2 ) / 4 ) ( b n a n ) .
Since cos 7 5 ∘ = 4 6 − 2 and sin 7 5 ∘ = 4 6 + 2 ,
( b n + 1 a n + 1 ) = 4 ( cos 7 5 ∘ sin 7 5 ∘ − sin 7 5 ∘ cos 7 5 ∘ ) ( b n a n ) .
Let A = ( cos 7 5 ∘ sin 7 5 ∘ − sin 7 5 ∘ cos 7 5 ∘ ) . Notice that, when a vector is multiplied by A , the vector is rotated 7 5 ∘ counterclockwise. We have
( b 2 0 1 6 a 2 0 1 6 ) = 2 2 A ( b 2 0 1 5 a 2 0 1 5 ) = 2 2 A ( 2 2 A ( b 2 0 1 4 a 2 0 1 4 ) ) = ⋯ = 2 4 0 3 2 A 2 0 1 6 ( b 0 a 0 ) .
A 2 0 1 6 is a counterclockwise rotation of 7 5 ∘ 2 0 1 6 times. Since 2 0 1 6 = 3 6 × 2 × 2 8 and 7 5 = 5 × 1 5 , 2 0 1 6 × 7 5 is a multiple of 3 6 0 , so A 2 0 1 6 is just the identity matrix, and this term vanishes. We are finally left with
( b 2 0 1 6 a 2 0 1 6 ) = 2 4 0 3 2 ( b 0 a 0 ) = ( 2 4 0 3 2 b 0 2 4 0 3 2 a 0 ) .
If two vectors are equal, then their components must be equal, so a 2 0 1 6 = 2 4 0 3 2 a 0 and b 2 0 1 6 = 2 4 0 3 2 b 0 . Finally,
a 2 0 1 6 b 2 0 1 6 = 2 4 0 3 2 a 0 ( 2 4 0 3 2 b 0 ) = 2 8 0 6 4 a 0 b 0 = 2 8 0 6 4 ,
so x = 8 0 6 4 .