Plot 3 straights lines y = 3 , y = 0 , y = − 1 .
A point is labeled on each of these 3 straight lines such that these points form the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
Find the area of this triangle.
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Good Solution
Suppose that the vertices of the triangle have coordinates ( 0 , 0 ) , ( x , 3 ) and ( y , − 1 ) , where x , y > 0 . Then we need x 2 + 9 = y 2 + 1 = ( x − y ) 2 + 1 6 so that y 2 = x 2 + 8 and 2 x y = x 2 + 1 5 . Hence 4 x 2 ( x 2 + 8 ) 3 x 4 + 2 x 2 − 2 2 5 ( 3 x 2 − 2 5 ) ( x 2 + 9 ) = ( x 2 + 1 5 ) 2 = 0 = 0 and hence x = 3 5 , and hence y = 3 7 . The triangle has area 2 1 ( x + 3 y ) = 3 1 3 = 7 . 5 0 5 5 5 3 4 9 9 .
Superb solution
Since we can have only 2 equations, we need to have only 2 independent variables. Since reflecting the triangle with respect to y -axis or sliding the triangle back and forth along the y=3, 0 & -1 lines, have no effect on the area of the triangle. I elected to assign the x -coordinate of the point on the y = 0 line to be 0 , i.e., at the origin and to use the most positive solutions. These are only arbitrary choices.
With those decisions made, solving ∣ x 3 ∣ 2 + 9 = ∣ x 3 − x − 1 ∣ 2 + 1 6 = ∣ x − 1 ∣ 2 + 1 gives x on the y = 3 line as 3 5 and x on the y = − 1 line as 3 7 . 2 1 ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ 0 3 7 3 5 0 − 1 3 1 1 1 ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ⇒ 3 1 3 ≈ 7 . 5 0 5 5 5 3 4 9 9 4 6 5 1 4
Please, understand the doubled vertical bars around the matrix of homogeneous coordinates as absolute value of the determinant.
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Let the line passing through B intersects AC at D. Then area of triangle ABD is (3/2)BD and triangle BCD is (1/2)BD. Therefore the area of the triangle ABC is the sum of these two, which is equal to 2BD. If the side length of the triangle ABC be a, then 2BD=(√3/4)a^2 or BD=(√3/8)a^2. If CD is of length x and angle CBD be α, then sin(α)=1/a, BD=(√3/2)(x/sinα). Also, x=(√3/2)cosα+(1/2)sinα. These yield x=(2a)/(1+√(3(a^2-1))), and BD=(√3)(a^2)/(1+√(3(a^2-1)))=(√3/8)a^2. Or, a^2=52/3 and the required area is (√3/4)(52/3)=13/(√3)=7.50555....