What?Area?

Geometry Level 3

Plot 3 straights lines y = 3 , y = 0 , y = 1 y = 3,y = 0, y = -1 .

A point is labeled on each of these 3 straight lines such that these points form the vertices of an equilateral triangle.

Find the area of this triangle.


The answer is 7.5056.

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3 solutions

Let the line passing through B intersects AC at D. Then area of triangle ABD is (3/2)BD and triangle BCD is (1/2)BD. Therefore the area of the triangle ABC is the sum of these two, which is equal to 2BD. If the side length of the triangle ABC be a, then 2BD=(√3/4)a^2 or BD=(√3/8)a^2. If CD is of length x and angle CBD be α, then sin(α)=1/a, BD=(√3/2)(x/sinα). Also, x=(√3/2)cosα+(1/2)sinα. These yield x=(2a)/(1+√(3(a^2-1))), and BD=(√3)(a^2)/(1+√(3(a^2-1)))=(√3/8)a^2. Or, a^2=52/3 and the required area is (√3/4)(52/3)=13/(√3)=7.50555....

Good Solution

Arka Dutta - 2 years, 2 months ago
Mark Hennings
Apr 6, 2019

Suppose that the vertices of the triangle have coordinates ( 0 , 0 ) (0,0) , ( x , 3 ) (x,3) and ( y , 1 ) (y,-1) , where x , y > 0 x,y > 0 . Then we need x 2 + 9 = y 2 + 1 = ( x y ) 2 + 16 x^2 + 9 \; = \; y^2 + 1 \; = \; (x-y)^2 + 16 so that y 2 = x 2 + 8 y^2 = x^2 + 8 and 2 x y = x 2 + 15 2xy = x^2 + 15 . Hence 4 x 2 ( x 2 + 8 ) = ( x 2 + 15 ) 2 3 x 4 + 2 x 2 225 = 0 ( 3 x 2 25 ) ( x 2 + 9 ) = 0 \begin{aligned} 4x^2(x^2 + 8) & = \; (x^2 + 15)^2 \\ 3x^4 + 2x^2 - 225 & = \; 0 \\ (3x^2 - 25)(x^2 + 9) & = \; 0 \end{aligned} and hence x = 5 3 x = \tfrac{5}{\sqrt{3}} , and hence y = 7 3 y = \tfrac{7}{\sqrt{3}} . The triangle has area 1 2 ( x + 3 y ) = 13 3 = 7.505553499 \tfrac12(x + 3y) = \tfrac{13}{\sqrt{3}} = \boxed{7.505553499} .

Superb solution

Arka Dutta - 2 years, 2 months ago

Since we can have only 2 equations, we need to have only 2 independent variables. Since reflecting the triangle with respect to y y -axis or sliding the triangle back and forth along the y=3, 0 & -1 lines, have no effect on the area of the triangle. I elected to assign the x x -coordinate of the point on the y = 0 y=0 line to be 0 0 , i.e., at the origin and to use the most positive solutions. These are only arbitrary choices.

With those decisions made, solving x 3 2 + 9 = x 3 x 1 2 + 16 = x 1 2 + 1 \sqrt{\left| x_3\right| ^2+9}=\sqrt{\left| x_3-x_{-1}\right| ^2+16}=\sqrt{\left| x_{-1}\right| ^2+1} gives x x on the y = 3 y=3 line as 5 3 \frac{5}{\sqrt{3}} and x x on the y = 1 y=-1 line as 7 3 \frac{7}{\sqrt{3}} . 1 2 0 0 1 7 3 1 1 5 3 3 1 13 3 7.50555349946514 \frac{1}{2} \left|\left| \begin{array}{ccc} 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \frac{7}{\sqrt{3}} & -1 & 1 \\ \frac{5}{\sqrt{3}} & 3 & 1 \\ \end{array} \right|\right| \Rightarrow \frac{13}{\sqrt{3}} \approx 7.50555349946514

Please, understand the doubled vertical bars around the matrix of homogeneous coordinates as absolute value of the determinant.

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