When is this an Integer?

Algebra Level 5

min [ c y c ( a x 2 + b x c ) ] 3 \sqrt[3] {\text{min}\left[\prod_{cyc}\left(\dfrac{ax^2+bx}{c}\right)\right]}

Let 0 < x 1000 0< x\le 1000 be a real constant. Find the number of distinct x x 's such that, for positive real variables a , b , c a,b,c the expression above is an integer.

Note: a , b , c a,b,c are variables, x x is a constant. The minimum value is taken where a , b , c a,b,c vary over positive reals.


The answer is 1001000.

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2 solutions

Kushal Dey
Mar 30, 2020

This problem has a very simple application of the famous AM-GM inequality. Given expression, ((ax^2+bx)(bx^2+cx)(cx^2+ax)/abc)^(1/3), can be simplified to, x(x^3+1+x^2(a/b+b/c+c/a)+ x(a/c+c/b+b/a))^(1/3) Now since, a,b,c are positive, coefficients of x and x^2 are >=3, if the vary over positive reals. Thus minimum value is x(x+1). x can vary from 0 to 1000. Thus maximum possible value for minimum expression is 1000 \times 1001 = \boxed{1001000}.

Sorry, I am not good in using latex.

Kushal Dey - 1 year, 2 months ago
Daniel Liu
Jun 5, 2015

Let's first break this problem into parts. First, we'll find the value of min [ c y c ( a x 2 + b x c ) ] \text{min}\left[\prod_{cyc}\left(\dfrac{ax^2+bx}{c}\right)\right]

This is equivalent to finding the largest value of k k such that c y c ( a x 2 + b x ) k a b c \prod_{cyc}(ax^2+bx)\ge kabc is true.

By Holder's Inequality, c y c ( a x 2 + b x ) ( a b c 3 x 2 + a b c 3 x ) 3 = a b c ( x 2 + x ) 3 \prod_{cyc}(ax^2+bx)\ge (\sqrt[3]{abc}x^2+\sqrt[3]{abc}x)^3=abc(x^2+x)^3

So k = ( x 2 + x ) 3 k=(x^2+x)^3 and min [ c y c ( a x 2 + b x c ) ] = ( x 2 + x ) 3 \text{min}\left[\prod_{cyc}\left(\dfrac{ax^2+bx}{c}\right)\right]=(x^2+x)^3

But then min [ c y c ( a x 2 + b x c ) ] 3 = x 2 + x \sqrt[3]{\text{min}\left[\prod_{cyc}\left(\dfrac{ax^2+bx}{c}\right)\right]}=x^2+x

so we just need to know the number of times x 2 + x x^2+x is an integer when 0 < x 1000 0 < x\le 1000

Clearly x 2 + x = 1 x^2+x=1 is the smallest value with x x in the range that gives a solution, and x = 1000 x=1000 gives x 2 + x = 1001000 x^2+x=1001000 which is the largest value with x x in the range.

Since f ( x ) = x 2 + x f(x)=x^2+x is a continuous strictly increasing function for x > 0 x>0 , then every single value of x 2 + x x^2+x between 1 1 and 1001000 1001000 is represented by a unique x x between 0 1000 0\to 1000 , so the answer is 1001000 \boxed{1001000} .

I'm confused.
1. What is the minimum taken over?
2. Are a , b , c a, b, c fixed positive integers?

The first line of the problem suggests to be that a, b, c are fixed positive integers, and hence we're taking the minimum over all x, which would be (very close to) 0.

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years ago

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a , b , c a,b,c are variables. x x is the constant. Sorry, I'll change the wording a little bit.

Daniel Liu - 6 years ago

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Great thanks!

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years ago

What does the product even mean? What does "cyc" mean?

Pascal Huppert - 7 months ago

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