When x is 2014

Algebra Level 3

Let a function f ( x ) f(x) has the property:

f ( x + 2 ) = f ( x ) 5 f ( x ) 3 . f(x+2)= \frac{ f(x)-5}{f(x)-3}.

Then, which of the following must be equal to f ( 2014 ) f(2014) ?

f ( 2006 ) f(2006) f ( 2010 ) f(2010) f ( 2004 ) f(2004) f ( 2018 ) f(2018)

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5 solutions

Varun Gudibanda
Oct 19, 2014

I notice that people here seem to have been plugging in values to find the period of the function. I decided to do it differently.

f ( x + 2 ) = f ( x ) 5 f ( x ) 3 f ( x ) = f ( x 2 ) 5 f ( x 2 ) 3 f(x+2) = \frac{f(x)-5}{f(x)-3}\\\\ f(x) = \frac{f(x-2)-5}{f(x-2)-3}

From the first equation, we can get the following,

f ( x + 2 ) f ( x ) 3 f ( x + 2 ) = f ( x ) 5 f ( x + 2 ) f ( x ) f ( x ) = 3 f ( x + 2 ) 5 f ( x ) = 3 f ( x + 2 ) 5 f ( x + 2 ) 1 f(x+2)f(x) - 3f(x+2) = f(x) - 5\\\\ f(x+2)f(x) -f(x)=3f(x+2)-5\\\\f(x) = \frac{3f(x+2)-5}{f(x+2)-1}

Equating these definitions of f(x), we can cross multiply.

f ( x 2 ) f ( x + 2 ) f ( x 2 ) 5 f ( x + 2 ) + 5 = 3 f ( x + 2 ) f ( x 2 ) 5 f ( x 2 ) 9 f ( x + 2 ) + 15 f(x-2)f(x+2) - f(x-2) - 5f(x+2) +5 = 3f(x+2)f(x-2)-5f(x-2)-9f(x+2)+15

4 f ( x 2 ) + 4 ( x + 2 ) = 2 f ( x + 2 ) f ( x 2 ) + 15 4f(x-2) + 4(x+2)= 2f(x+2)f(x-2) + 15

This can be used to solve for f(x+2) and f(x-2)

4 f ( x 2 ) 15 = 2 f ( x + 2 ) f ( x 2 ) 4 f ( x + 2 ) 4f(x-2) - 15 = 2f(x+2)f(x-2) - 4f(x+2)

f ( x + 2 ) = 4 f ( x 2 ) 15 2 f ( x 2 ) 4 f(x+2) = \frac{4f(x-2) - 15}{2f(x-2) - 4}

f ( x ) = 4 f ( x 4 ) 15 2 f ( x 4 ) 4 f(x) = \frac{4f(x-4)-15}{2f(x-4)-4}

Similarly,

4 f ( x + 2 ) 15 = 2 f ( x + 2 ) f ( x 2 ) 4 f ( x 2 ) 4f(x+2) - 15 = 2f(x+2)f(x-2) - 4f(x-2)

f ( x 2 ) = 4 f ( x + 2 ) 15 2 f ( x + 2 ) 4 f(x-2) = \frac{4f(x+2) - 15}{2f(x+2)-4}

f ( x ) = 4 f ( x + 4 ) 15 2 f ( x + 4 ) 4 f(x) = \frac{4f(x+4)-15}{2f(x+4)-4}

Setting these two new formulae for f(x) equal to each other and cross multiplying,

4 f ( x + 4 ) 15 2 f ( x + 4 ) 4 = 4 f ( x 4 ) 15 2 f ( x 4 ) 4 \frac{4f(x+4)-15}{2f(x+4)-4} = \frac{4f(x-4)-15}{2f(x-4)-4}

8 f ( x 4 ) f ( x + 4 ) 16 f ( x + 4 ) 30 f ( x 4 ) + 60 = 8 f ( x 4 ) f ( x + 4 ) 30 f ( x + 4 ) 16 f ( x 4 ) + 60 8f(x-4)f(x+4) - 16f(x+4) - 30f(x-4) + 60 = 8f(x-4)f(x+4) - 30f(x+4) - 16f(x-4) + 60

14 f ( x + 4 ) = 14 f ( x 4 ) 14f(x+4) = 14f(x-4)

f ( x + 4 ) = f ( x 4 ) f(x+4) = f(x-4)\

f ( x ) = f ( x 8 ) f(x) = f(x-8) )

From this, it is seen that the function f(x) has a period of 8, and therefore f(2014) = f(2006)

Kishan Sawant R
Jun 17, 2014

assign any value for a function, lets take it as f(0). then keep on getting f(2....8) then @ f(8) the value of f(0) repeats. as this satisfies for any value assigned to the given function, by inspection we can say that the function repeats for every intervals of 8. hence the solution is 2006

f ( 2 ) = f ( 0 ) 5 f ( 0 ) 3 f(2) = \frac {f(0) - 5}{f(0) - 3}

f ( 4 ) = f ( 0 ) 5 f ( 0 ) 3 5 f ( 0 ) 5 f ( 0 ) 3 3 = 2 f ( 0 ) 5 f ( 0 ) 2 f(4) = \frac {\frac {f(0) - 5}{f(0) - 3} - 5}{\frac {f(0) - 5}{f(0) - 3} - 3} = \frac{2f(0) - 5}{f(0) - 2}

f ( 6 ) = 2 f ( 0 ) 5 f ( 0 ) 2 5 2 f ( 0 ) 5 f ( 0 ) 2 3 = 3 f ( 0 ) 5 f ( 0 ) 1 f(6) = \frac {\frac {2f(0) - 5}{f(0) - 2} - 5}{\frac {2f(0) - 5}{f(0) - 2} - 3} = \frac{3f(0) - 5}{f(0) - 1}

f ( 8 ) = 3 f ( 0 ) 5 f ( 0 ) 1 5 3 f ( 0 ) 5 f ( 0 ) 1 3 = 2 f ( 0 ) 2 = f ( 0 ) f(8) = \frac {\frac {3f(0) - 5}{f(0) - 1} - 5}{\frac {3f(0) - 5}{f(0) - 1} - 3} = \frac{-2f(0)}{-2} = f(0)

This is the first solution I've posted, so it probably looks quite shoddy.

Jenny Yang - 6 years, 12 months ago

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ya actually this one is the better one to put on paper (@the time i posted i din't see this one)

Kishan Sawant R - 6 years, 11 months ago

I understand what is your point but i don't understand how it is work on my paper. Could you make it clearer how it is repeat?

Hafizh Ahsan Permana - 6 years, 12 months ago

Let a , b , c , d a,b,c,d such that a d b c 0 ad-bc \neq 0 . For each g ( x ) = a x + b c x + d g(x) = \dfrac{ax +b}{cx+d} we can associate the matrix A = ( a b c d ) A =\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} . We will write g A g \sim A . Its easy to prove that if g 1 A 1 g_1 \sim A_1 and g 2 A 2 g_2 \sim A_2 then ( g 1 g 2 ) A 1 A 2 (g_1 \circ g_2) \sim A_1A_2

Now consider g A = ( 1 5 1 3 ) g \sim A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 &-5 \\ 1 & - 3\end{pmatrix} . Notice that A 4 = λ I A^4 = \lambda I . Therefore, g 4 ( x ) = g ( g ( g ( g ( x ) ) ) ) = x g^4(x) = g(g(g(g(x)))) = x . As f ( x + 2 ) = g ( f ( x ) ) f(x+2) = g(f(x)) , then f ( x + 8 ) = g 4 ( f ( x ) ) = f ( x ) f(x+8) = g^4(f(x)) = f(x) . So, f ( 2006 ) = f ( 2008 ) f(2006) = f(2008)

Sanjeet Raria
Jun 18, 2014

Can you show that this function is periodic with period 8 8 ??

In fact if we replace 2 2 with any real P P then the function is still periodic with period 4 P 4P .

ya actually for some assumed value for any func say f(a), by substituting its value in say f(a+p) we get the value of f(a+p) and proceeding in the same way for the 4th time we will get the value of the function to be equal to f(a). but the 4th term is nothing but f(a+4p) hence by inspection we could say that the function moves with a period of 4p

Kishan Sawant R - 6 years, 11 months ago
Vibhu Baibhav
Jul 19, 2014

take f(0) =5 and calculate f2,f4,f6,f8 ..... u will find f0=f8 thus function is periodic with period 8 this is completely a objective question i didnt found any subjective approach to it

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