Where's The Centre?

Geometry Level 5

A B C ABC is an equilateral triangle with side length 6 6

Point E E is on the external angle bisector from B B such that B E = 9 BE=9 .

The perpendicular dropped from E E to B C BC intersects B C BC at G G and A C AC at F F .

Point I I is on line B F BF extended through F F such that F I G = 3 0 \angle FIG=30^{\circ} .

The circumcenter of B I G \triangle BIG is O O

Find 8 × A O 8 \times AO .


The answer is 12.

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4 solutions

Here is a solution using complex numbers.Let point A be the origin in the argand plane.We denote cos(x)+isin (x)=cis (x).In triangle ABC ,rotation about A gives c=bcis (pi/3) where b and c are complex numbers corresponding to points B and C in the complex plane.Note that we take the angle of rotation to be positive in case of counter clockwise rotation.Suppose circumcenter of triangle BIG is denoted by z.We have angle BOG=2 times angle BIG=60 degrees.In triangle BOG,rotation about O gives (g-z)=(b-z)cis (pi/3).Rearranging and using c=bcis (pi/3),we get (g-c)=z (1-cis (pi/3)).Taking modulus on both sides,we get |g-c|=|z||(1-cis (pi/3)|.But |1-cis (pi/3)|=1.Hence,we get |z|=|g-c|=length of line segment CG.But |z|=length of line segment AO as A is the origin.Therefore,we conclude that lengths of line segments AO and CG are congruent.Now ,triangle BGC is a 30-60-90 triangle,hence we get BG=half of BE=4.5.Hence CG=BC-BG=6-4.5=1.5.Therefore AO=1.5.Hence we have the answer as 8 times 1.5=12.

Tran Quoc Dat
Apr 15, 2016

Draw a line passes point I I and perpendicular to I G IG , it cuts the line that passes point B B perpendicular to B G BG at D D . Then B G I D BGID is concylic, and the center O O of the circumcircle is the midpoint of G D GD . Looks like O O lies on A B AB , we're going to prove it.

O B D = G D B = G I B = 3 0 \angle OBD = \angle GDB = \angle GIB = 30^\circ ; therefore, G B A = 6 0 \angle GBA = 60^\circ , which means A O B AOB is a straight line (prove complete!)

G D B = G E B = 3 0 \angle GDB = \angle GEB = 30^\circ ; also, E G EG is parallel to B D BD , so we have E G D B EGDB is a parallelogram. Then, D G = B E = 9 DG = BE = 9 or O B = 4.5 OB = 4.5 . 'Cause A O B AOB is a straight line, A O = A B O B = 6 4.5 = 1.5 AO = AB - OB = 6 - 4.5 = 1.5 , which gives the answer 12 \boxed{12} .

Bonus: In the diagram, looks like circle ( O ) (O) and circle ( A , A B ) (A,AB) are tangent at B B . Can you prove it?

Two circles are said to touch each other internally if the distance between their centres is equal to the absolute difference of the lengths of the two radii.In this case it is quite obvious as the difference between the two radii (that is AB-OB) is equal to the distance between the two centres (that is OA).So,the result follows.

Indraneel Mukhopadhyaya - 5 years, 2 months ago

Great image. That really helps your solution :)

Calvin Lin Staff - 5 years, 2 months ago
Sam Bealing
Apr 14, 2016

B I G = 3 0 B O G = 6 0 \angle BIG=30^{\circ} \Rightarrow \angle BOG=60^{\circ} (angle at centre is twice angle at radius)

O G = O B O G B = O B G = 6 0 OG=OB \Rightarrow \angle OGB=\angle OBG=60^{\circ} so O B G \triangle OBG is equilateral.

G B O = 6 0 O \angle GBO=60^{\circ} \Rightarrow O is on line A B AB because C B A = 6 0 \angle CBA=60^{\circ}

E B G = 6 0 G B = 9 cos ( 6 0 ) = 9 2 \angle EBG=60^{\circ} \Rightarrow GB=9 \cos{(60^{\circ})}=\frac{9}{2} (external bisector+sine rule)

B O = G B = 9 2 BO=GB=\frac{9}{2} as B O G \triangle BOG is equilateral.

A O = A B B O = 6 9 2 = 3 2 AO=AB-BO=6-\frac{9}{2}=\frac{3}{2} because A O B AOB is a straight line.

8 × A O = 8 × 3 2 = 12 8 \times AO=8 \times \frac{3}{2} =12

Moderator note:

Great observation that O lies on AB, which makes the rest of the problem easier to track.

Did it the same way.

Saarthak Marathe - 5 years, 2 months ago

F i g . 30 60 90 s h o w s t h e r e l a t i o n s i n a 30 60 90 Δ , u s e d b e l o w . G B E = 1 2 ( 180 60 ) = 60. Δ i s 30 60 90. G B = 9 / 2 a n d C G = 3 / 2 , a n d C F G = 30 . B u t G C F i s a l s o 30 60 90. C F = 3 , F i s t h e m i d p o i n t o f A C . B F i s b i s e c t o r a s w e l l a s a n g l e b i s e c t o r o f A C . I F G = I F C + C F G = 120 a n d I B G = 30. Δ B I G i s i s o s c e l e s . I t s c i r c u m r a d i u s R = p r o d u c t o f s i d e s 4 a r e a . . R = ( 9 2 ) 2 ( 9 2 3 ) 4 1 2 ( 9 2 3 ) ( 1 2 9 2 ) = 9 / 2 = G O . G O = G B , G B A = 60 , Δ G O B i s e q u i l a t e r a l O B = 9 / 2. A O = 3 / 2. 8 A O = 12 Fig. ~30-60-90~shows~the ~relations ~in ~a ~30-60-90 ~\Delta, ~used ~below.\\ \angle ~GBE=\frac 1 2 *(180 - 60)=60. ~\Delta ~ is ~ 30-60-90 . ~\therefore ~ GB=9/2 ~and ~CG=3/2,\\ and ~\color{#3D99F6}{ \angle ~ CFG =30}. \\ But~ GCF~is ~ also ~30-60-90 .~~\therefore~CF=3,~ \implies~F ~ is ~ the ~midpoint~ of ~ AC.\\ \therefore ~BF ~ is~ \bot ~bisector ~ as ~ well ~ as ~ angle ~ bisector ~ of ~ AC. \\ \implies ~ \angle ~ IFG=\angle ~ IFC + \angle ~ CFG=120 ~ and ~ \angle ~ IBG=30.\\ \implies ~\Delta ~BIG ~ is ~ isosceles. ~ Its~circumradius ~ R=\dfrac{product~ of~ sides}{4*area.}.\\ R=\dfrac{(\frac 9 2)^2*(\frac 9 2 *\sqrt3) }{4*\frac 1 2 *(\frac 9 2 *\sqrt3)*(\frac 1 2 *\frac 9 2)}= 9/2=GO.\\ GO=GB, ~ \angle ~GBA=60, ~\implies~\Delta ~ GOB ~ is ~ equilateral ~\therefore ~OB=9/2.\\ \implies ~AO=3/2. ~~\therefore~8*AO=\Large ~~~~~~\color{#D61F06}{12}

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