In a family with 4 siblings, John is older than Mary, Peter is younger than John, Mary is older than Peter, and Sarah is older than John. Who is the second oldest in the family?
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We know that John is older than Mary, and Peter is younger than John. We also know that Mary is older than Peter. So the oldest so far is John, 2nd is Mary, 3rd is Peter. Then it tells us that Sarah is older than John. Therefore, the second oldest is John.