In a mathematics contest, students A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H got the top eight places. The teacher asked them to guess who got first.
The teacher told them that exactly three of them guessed correctly.
Who got first?
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Since B and D contradict each other, exactly one of them must be true.
Since A and H agree with each other while E and F are against them, exactly two of these four must be true.
Therefore, neither C nor G guessed correctly. Since G guessed that C is not first, C must be first.