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Algebra Level 3

( 1 x ) ( 1 2 x ) ( 1 4 x ) ( 1 2 101 x ) (1-x)(1-2x)(1-4x)\cdots \left(1-2^{101}x\right)

What is the coefficient of x 101 x^{101} in the expansion of the above?

2 5050 2 5152 2^{5050}-2^{5152} 2 4950 2 5050 2^{4950}-2^{5050} 2 5051 2 5152 2^{5051}-2^{5152} None of the above

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2 solutions

Kartik Sharma
Jan 8, 2015

We must change the equation a little bit without changing its sense.

( x 1 ) ( 2 x 1 ) ( 4 x 1 ) . . . . ( 1 2 101 x ) (x-1)(2x - 1)(4x-1)....(1- {2}^{101}x)

Now, this is a 102 -degree polynomial with roots as - 1 2 n \frac{1}{{2}^{n}} for n [ 0 , 101 ] n \in [0,101]

Now, we need to find the co-efficient of x 101 {x}^{101} .

By vieta,

Sum of roots = b a \frac{-b}{a}

Hence, by using geometric sum formula,

( C o e f f i c i e n t o f x 101 ) ( C o e f f i c i e n t o f x 102 ) = 2 102 1 2 101 \frac{-(Co-efficient of {x}^{101})}{(Co-efficient of {x}^{102})} = \frac{{2}^{102} - 1}{{2}^{101}}

Now, Co-efficient of x 102 {x}^{102} will just be the product of all powers of 2 or 2 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + . . . . 101 {2}^{0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .... 101} or just 2 102 101 2 {2}^{\frac{102*101}{2}}

After some bashing,

( C o e f f i c i e n t o f x 101 ) = 2 5050 ( 2 102 1 ) -(Co-efficient of {x}^{101}) = {2}^{5050}({2}^{102} - 1)

which is just -

C o e f f i c i e n t o f x 101 = 2 5050 2 5152 Co-efficient of {x}^{101} = {2}^{5050} - {2}^{5152}

I think gauss had solved at the age of 4

Rohit Singh - 6 years, 5 months ago

Oh my Gauss!!

praveen sinha - 3 years, 11 months ago
Advaith Kumar
May 11, 2020

Even better, notice that there are 102 choose 101 = 102 ways to get a product of factors such that you will get a x^101 terms.So all you have to do is find the sum of 2^1+2^2 + .... + 2^102 + 1 2^2 + .... + 2^102 +... + 1 2^1*2^2 + .... + 2^101 wherein each term of this sum you omit one of the 2^k terms where k is between 0 and 102 inclusive.

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