What Is The Most Efficient

Logic Level 2

Suppose you have 9 9 identical balls, out of which 8 8 have same mass and 1 1 has a slightly higher mass. Using a common balance, what is the least number of weighings we need to guarantee that we find the odd (massive) one in all cases?

Note: A common balance will tell us if the objects in both pans have the same weight. It does not tell us the weight of either pan. You can weigh multiple balls at the same time.

2 4 1 8

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13 solutions

Rindell Mabunga
Feb 14, 2014

First separate the 9 ball into 3 groups of 3 balls. Compare the weight of any two group of balls. If one of the groups is heavier than the other, the heavier group contains the odd ball. However, if the masses of the two groups are equal, the unweighed group contains the odd ball. Ignore the other two groups and focus to the group with the odd ball. Compare the weight of any two balls. If one is heavier that is the odd ball. However, if the masses are equal, the last ball is the odd ball.

All in all, minimum of 2 weighings needed to find the odd ball.

But in the note written downside, they are saying that a common balance can't identify the weight of either pans so we can't decide which is heavier and which is lighter also for the question asking the least number of weightings we can go for the best possibility which makes weighting 4 and 4 will be the same weights and the remaining ball is the one which makes the answer for 1 , Please accept my ignorance and tell me how am i wrong

Mostafa Hussein - 7 years, 2 months ago

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That is an interesting interpretation indeed. Yes, a common balance can determine which side is heavier (or whether they are equal), so there are three outcomes, not two (equal or not); this is missing from the problem. What if we use a really broken balance that can only tell whether the two pans are equal or not? What if it can only tell whether the left pan is heavier than the right pan or not (either equal or lighter than)? Those make for interesting new problems.

Ivan Koswara - 7 years, 2 months ago

it should be 1, by luck on hand, its possible to get the odd ball by 1 try

Roi Vinson Abrazaldo - 7 years, 2 months ago

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i agree. 4 balls on each side, if it is even then the ball out is the one heavier

Artemio Filho - 6 years, 1 month ago

The challenge is to find the minimum number of weighings requiered to find the odd ball at any case, meaning you must be certain you'll find it. Therefore, luck won't cut it.

And just to clarify, here's a quote of the question that explicitly dictates what I just said:

"what is the least number of weighings we need to guarantee that we find the odd (massive) one IN ALL CASES?"

Ergo, yes, you must be absolutely certain to find the odd ball.

Guilherme Monteiro - 5 years, 11 months ago

No, you need to find the least number of weighings necessary to determine the odd ball, even if luck is against your side.

Ivan Koswara - 7 years, 2 months ago

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Luck against ur side is not what is mentioned in the question, right? So isn't 1 the least number of weighings? :p

Ajinkya Parab - 7 years ago

This is a matter of semantics. The least number of weighings necessary to find the heavier ball was the only condition required.

David Monahan - 6 years, 1 month ago

I assumed that we can only place one ball at a time on each pan :(

Julian Poon - 7 years, 2 months ago

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Me too! This assumption should have been stated much earlier in the problem.

Edwin Hughes - 6 years, 1 month ago

It is possible to find the heavier ball on the first try if you're lucky. Instead if three equal groups, try 2 groups of 4 on the scale, and 1 off the scale by itself. If the two groups are equal, then the one you left out is the heavier one.

Rob Thomas - 6 years, 1 month ago

nice

Raj Raja - 7 years, 3 months ago

same solution

Jha Prakash - 7 years, 3 months ago
Katie Gardner
Feb 15, 2014

This can be solved in 2 moves.

Split the 9 balls into 3 sets of 3

Weigh 2 of those sets, if one weighs more than the other, it has the heavier ball. If it doesn't, then the set you didn't weigh has the heavier ball

Once you know which set of 3 has the heavier ball, compare the weights of 2 of the balls in that set

If one weighs more then it is the heavier ball. If they weigh the same then the ball you didn't weigh is the heavier ball

Jatin T Joseph
Feb 14, 2014

Hi. the first mistake i made was i took the combination to be 4 4 1 and then i solved it .. got the answer as 3 which was not on the answer list and so turned to another combination 3 3 3 and then solved it .. obviously if the weights are balanced then the fault is in the remaining set .. else the set towards which the balance tilts is the faulty set.. then you have 3 balls left.. take 1 each on either side of the balance .. if the weights are balanced then the remaining ball is the faulty one .. else the side to which the balance tilts contains the faulty ball

I made the same mistake too by going for combinations of 4 4 and 1 which at first seems more logical but then I get an answer which is not there among the options and then only I thought for going with other options.

Owais Siddiqui - 7 years, 3 months ago
J Thompson
Feb 14, 2014

Split the balls into three groups of three.

Put all three balls of the first group on one side of the balance, all three balls of the second group on the other side. If the two sets of balls do not balance, the odd ball is in the heavier group of three. If they do balance, the odd ball is in the unweighed group of three. Either way, we know which group of three balls contains the odd one.

Now put the first ball from the odd group on one side of the balance, and the second ball from the odd group on the other side of the balance. If the balls do not balance, the heavier one is the odd ball. If the scales do balance, the odd ball is the unweighed one.

Hence only two weighings are required.

Abrar Fidvi
Feb 24, 2014

divide the 9 balls into 3 group . if the weight of two group is level then the ball is in the last group . In this way find the group where the ball belong . from that group weight two balls. if its balanced then the 3rd ball is heavier ball .

Chaudhary Sheoran
Feb 20, 2014

take a group of 3-3 balls.put each group on both sides of the taraju.the heavier group contain the odd ball.if the weight of both groups are same then take the left three balls put 1-1 on both sides of tarazu,the heavier ball is the odd ball.if weight of both ball is same then the left ball is the odd ball.so 2 wieghings needed to find the odd ball

Two. Split into three groups of three, three, and two. weigh the two groups of three against each other. If equal, weigh the group of two to find the heavier. If one group of three is heavier pick two of the three and compare them to find the heaviest.

Taehyung Kim
Feb 17, 2014

Let's split it into three groups of three. If we measure we can have two possible outcome. If one of the groups is greater than the other, then that group has the odd one. If they are the same, the remaining group contains the other. Now we have 3 marbles. We can use the same logic so we have 2.

In general, the strategy is to divide it into threes. Click here to see why.

Taehyung Kim - 7 years, 3 months ago
Agnes Fung
Feb 15, 2014

Split the spheres into groups of three, three spheres per group. Compare the mass of two groups; either 1. one of the two groups are lighter or 2. they are equal which means the third group is lighter. Isolate the lighter group of three spheres. Perform the same test, taking two spheres and weighing them; either 1. one of the two spheres weighed is lighter or 2. the two spheres weighed are equal which means the third sphere is lighter. 2 times!

S Patel
Feb 14, 2014

First, it is easy to see that one cannot find the heavy ball with one weighing

However, we can with 2. Here is the method we use: Separate the balls into 3 groups, with 3 balls each. Put two of the 3 ball groups on to the scale. If they come out to be equal, then the third group is the one with the heavier ball. Otherwise the one that is heavier on the scale is. Then we have three balls. Repeat the process with except with an individual ball, and we can find the heavy ball. This took us 2 steps, and this is the answer

Nikola Matic
Feb 14, 2014

You divide them into three groups of three, and place the first group on the left side and the second group on the right side. If they are even, then the odd ball is in the third group. Then you pick two balls from the third group and compare them. If they are even, the the odd ball is the third one, else the odd ball is the heavier one. Similarly, if any of the first two groups were heavier, the the odd one is in that group. Then you repeat the second process.

Brian Riccardi
Feb 14, 2014

First of all we divide the 9 balls in 3 "teams" of 3 balls, A B C. First weighing: We put A in the first pan, B in the second pan and C away. If the pans are equal, the heavier ball is in C, otherwise is in the team shown by the balance (A or B). Second weighing: We select the "heavier team" from the first weighing and we put 1 ball in the first pan, 1 ball in the second and 1 ball away. If the pans are equal, the heavier ball is the last one, otherwise is in the lowered pan.

Aditya Joshi
Feb 14, 2014

Split the 9 9 balls into sets of 3 3 each. Take any two sets of 3 3 and weigh them. If they are equal, take the third, set, take any two balls from them. Weigh them. If they are equal, the third ball is the answer and if they aren't they the heavier ball is our answer.

If the two initial sets of 3 3 aren't equal, then we do the same thing we did above with the set that is heavier.

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