Define
If the sum can be expressed as for coprime positive integers and , find .
Notation : denotes the Euler-Macheroni constant .
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On substituting x = t + 2 π n ,(since we know c o s ( t + 2 π n ) = c o s ( t ) )we can write f ( 2 π n ) = ∫ 2 π n ∞ x c o s x d x = ∫ 0 ∞ ( t + 2 π n ) c o s ( t ) d t we know that ∫ 0 ∞ ( t + 2 π n ) c o s ( t ) d t = ∫ 0 ∞ L { c o s ( t ) } L − 1 { t + 2 π n 1 } d s = ∫ 0 ∞ ( s 2 + 1 s ) e − 2 n π s d s on substituting the integral representation of f ( 2 π n ) into the summation we'll get n = 1 ∑ ∞ ∫ 0 ∞ ( s 2 + 1 s ) e − 2 n π s d s = ∫ 0 ∞ ( s 2 + 1 s ) n = 1 ∑ ∞ e − 2 π n s d s by applying infinite geometric series approach we can compute the following sum to be n = 1 ∑ ∞ e − 2 π n s d s = e 2 π s − 1 1 on rearranging the third equation of this solution part , we can write it as ∫ 0 ∞ ( s 2 + 1 ) ( e 2 π s − 1 ) s d s = 2 − ψ ( 1 ) − 4 1 (binets second integral ) formula for digamma function) we know that ψ ( x ) = − γ + n = 0 ∑ ∞ ( n + 1 ) ( n + x ) ( x − 1 ) therefore ψ ( 1 ) = − γ and so our final result will be n = 1 ∑ ∞ f ( 2 π n ) = 2 γ − 4 1