Why is it stairway to heaven? Can't there be an elevator?

Calculus Level 4

A stair case has the property such that it travels in the pattern right, up, right, up, right, up. . . ad infinitum.

It travels cos 1 ( π 10 ) \cos^1\left(\frac{\pi}{10}\right) to the right, cos 2 ( π 10 ) \cos^2\left(\frac{\pi}{10}\right) up, cos 3 ( π 10 ) \cos^3\left(\frac{\pi}{10}\right) right, cos 4 ( π 10 ) \cos^4\left(\frac{\pi}{10}\right) up. . .

Find the total length of displacement from the beginning of this staircase to the end.

If the answer can be represented in the form a + b c \sqrt{a+b\sqrt{c}} . Find a + b + c a+b+c

Inspired by my good friend Brian Charlesworth


The answer is 142.

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1 solution

The net distance traveled to the right is

X = k = 1 ( cos ( π 10 ) ) 2 k 1 = cos ( π 10 ) 1 cos 2 ( π 10 ) = cos ( π 10 ) sin 2 ( π 10 ) . X = \displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} (\cos(\frac{\pi}{10}))^{2k - 1} = \dfrac{\cos(\frac{\pi}{10})}{1 - \cos^{2}(\frac{\pi}{10})} = \dfrac{\cos(\frac{\pi}{10})}{\sin^{2}(\frac{\pi}{10})}.

The net distance traveled upward is

Y = k = 1 ( cos ( π 10 ) ) 2 n = cos 2 ( π 10 ) 1 cos 2 ( π 10 ) = cos 2 ( π 10 ) sin 2 ( π 10 ) . Y = \displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} (\cos(\frac{\pi}{10}))^{2n} = \dfrac{\cos^{2}(\frac{\pi}{10})}{1 - \cos^{2}(\frac{\pi}{10})} = \dfrac{\cos^{2}(\frac{\pi}{10})}{\sin^{2}(\frac{\pi}{10})}.

The magnitude of the displacement is then

X 2 + Y 2 = cos 2 ( π 10 ) + cos 4 ( π 10 ) sin 2 ( π 10 ) = cos ( π 10 ) 1 + cos 2 ( π 10 ) sin 2 ( π 10 ) . \sqrt{X^{2} + Y^{2}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{\cos^{2}(\frac{\pi}{10}) + \cos^{4}(\frac{\pi}{10})}}{\sin^{2}(\frac{\pi}{10})} = \dfrac{\cos(\frac{\pi}{10})\sqrt{1 + \cos^{2}(\frac{\pi}{10})}}{\sin^{2}(\frac{\pi}{10})}.

Now cos ( π 10 ) = 10 + 2 5 4 \cos(\frac{\pi}{10}) = \dfrac{\sqrt{10 + 2\sqrt{5}}}{4} and sin ( π 10 ) = 5 1 4 , \sin(\frac{\pi}{10}) = \dfrac{\sqrt{5} - 1}{4}, so

X 2 + Y 2 = 10 + 2 5 26 + 2 5 6 2 5 = 280 + 72 5 6 2 5 = \sqrt{X^{2} + Y^{2}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{10 + 2\sqrt{5}}\sqrt{26 + 2\sqrt{5}}}{6 - 2\sqrt{5}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{280 + 72\sqrt{5}}}{6 - 2\sqrt{5}} =

70 + 18 5 3 5 × 14 + 6 5 3 + 5 = 1520 + 672 5 4 = 95 + 42 5 . \dfrac{\sqrt{70 + 18\sqrt{5}}}{3 - \sqrt{5}} \times \dfrac{\sqrt{14 + 6\sqrt{5}}}{3 + \sqrt{5}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{1520 + 672\sqrt{5}}}{4} = \sqrt{95 + 42\sqrt{5}}.

Thus a + b + c = 95 + 42 + 5 = 142 . a + b + c = 95 + 42 + 5 = \boxed{142}.

Very nicely done. One tiny thing. Finding the Y Y coord can be simplified to multiplying the X X by cos ( π 10 ) \cos(\frac{\pi}{10})

Also, you made some very clever manipulations at the bottom, I took many more steps to do it. And I couldn't get this one to come out quite as pretty as your tangent one. Though this one is much uglier with sin or tan.

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 1 month ago

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Thanks! It took a while to make the radical simplification process as streamlined as possible. And yes, the answer to my tangent question surprised me with its compactness. :)

P.S.. Congratulations on making it to 1000 followers first!! My count rate really ran out of wind at the end there; it may be a few more days before I stagger across the finish line. :P

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 1 month ago

Hey! When I came back today after few days my wall was full of these types of problems specially staircase and the spiral ones, did I miss anything ??

Krishna Sharma - 6 years, 1 month ago

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Trevor and Jake Lai were creating a set of the types of questions you mention and asked others, including myself, to contribute. I'm guessing that the full set will be posted in the next day or two, (or at least I think that's the plan).

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 1 month ago

I'll be posting a note detailing all the problems and contributors. I'd be honored if you contributed a problem as not all the problems have been posted just as yet (I have 2 or so more and a few others want to contribute as well.

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 1 month ago

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I can't think of a different spiral problem right now and can't spend much time, sorry :(

Julian sir posted a beautiful problem which was different from the league, I think you should try something different , I can give few ideas like take your spiral to 3-D or Julian sir problem with a different curve(not much worth).

Krishna Sharma - 6 years, 1 month ago

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