Why not 101?

Algebra Level 3

Compare A = x = 1 100 ( lg ( x ) 1 ) 2 \displaystyle A=\sum _{x=1}^{100} \left(\lg (x)-1\right)^2 and 50.

Notation: lg ( ) = log 10 ( ) \lg (\cdot) = \log_{10}(\cdot) denotes the logarithm of base 10.

A = 50 A=50 A > 50 A>50 A < 50 A<50

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1 solution

Charles Smith
Dec 9, 2017

let f ( x ) = ( log 10 ( x ) 1 ) 2 f(x)=(\log_{10}(x)-1)^2 then f ( x ) = 2 ( log 10 ( x ) 1 ) x ln ( x ) f'(x)=\dfrac{2(\log_{10}(x)-1)}{x\ln(x)} which is strictly decreasing for x 10 x\leq10 and strictly increasing for x 10 x\geq10 . Hence if we approximate the area under the curve between f ( x ) f(x) as 2 triangles with bases from x = 1 to 10 x=1 \,\text{to}\, 10 and x = 10 to 100 x=10 \,\text{to}\, 100 , note f ( 10 ) = 0 f(10) =0 , we must get an over estimate. In doing this we find;

approximate area under f ( x ) f(x) for 1 x 100 1\leq x\leq100 = 1 2 ( 9 × 1 + 90 × 1 ) \frac{1}{2}(9 \times 1 + 90 \times 1) = 49.5 < 50 49.5<50 .

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