A cubic polynomial f ( x ) vanishes at x = 2 i.e f ( 2 ) = 0 and has a relative minimum/maximum at x = − 1 and x = 1 / 3 respectively. If
∫ − 1 1 f ( x ) d x = 3 1 4 ,
find ⌊ f ( − 3 ) ⌋ .
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Simple standard approach.
Suppose f ( x ) = a x 3 + b x 2 + c x + d . We then have that
f ( 2 ) = 8 a + 4 b + 2 c + d = 0 , (i).
Now since f ′ ( x ) = 3 a x 2 + 2 b x + c , we have that
f ′ ( − 1 ) = 3 a − 2 b + c = 0 , (ii), and
f ′ ( 3 1 ) = 3 a + 3 2 b + c = 0 ⟹ a + 2 b + 3 c = 0 , (iii).
Finally, ∫ − 1 1 f ( x ) d x = 4 a x 4 + 3 b x 3 + 2 c x 2 + d ∗ x ,
which when evaluated from x = − 1 to x = 1 results in the equation
3 2 b + 2 d = 3 1 4 ⟹ b + 3 d = 7 , (iv).
Solving equations (i) through (iv) simultaneously gives us that
a = − 2 9 7 , b = − 2 9 7 , c = 2 9 7 and d = 2 9 7 0 .
Thus f ( x ) = − 2 9 7 ( x 3 + x 2 − x − 1 0 ) , and so
⌊ f ( − 3 ) ⌋ = ⌊ − 2 9 7 ∗ ( − 2 5 ) ⌋ = ⌊ 6 . 0 3 4 4 . . . ⌋ = 6 .
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Clearly the roots of quadratic function f'(x) are x=-1 and x=1/3 . So