If ( 1 + sin θ ) ( 1 + cos θ ) = 4 5 , then what is the value of ( 1 − sin θ ) ( 1 − cos θ ) ?
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Clever method. :)
One way to solve it would be to solve for θ . I used a different technique and got a bit lucky.
( 1 − s i n 2 θ ) ( 1 − c o s 2 θ ) = ( 1 − s i n θ ) ( 1 + s i n θ ) ( 1 − c o s θ ) ( 1 + c o s θ )
( c o s 2 θ ) ( s i n 2 θ ) = 4 5 ( 1 − s i n θ ) ( 1 − c o s θ )
5 4 ( c o s 2 θ ) ( s i n 2 θ ) = ( 1 − s i n θ ) ( 1 − c o s θ )
Since s i n θ and c o s θ can be no larger than 1 , LHS can be no larger than 5 4 . As it turns out, there is only one option in the list that is smaller than 5 4
Let (1-sinx)(1-cosx) = y
1-sinx-cosx+sinxcosx=y
We are given 1+sinx+cosx+sinxcosx = 5/4
Subtract these to get 5/4 - y = 2(sinx+cosx)
Now (1+sinx)(1+cosx) = 5/4
We know 1+cosx = 2cos^2(x/2)
1+sinx = (sinx/2 + cosx/2)^2
Substituting and simplifying
We get 5/2 = (sinx+cosx+1)^2
From here sinx+cosx can be found out and thats what we require
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Let ( 1 − sin θ ) ( 1 − cos θ ) = x .
Now, upon expanding all terms we get,
( 1 + sin θ ) ( 1 + cos θ ) = 1 + sin θ + cos θ + sin θ cos θ = 4 5 . . . ( 1 )
( 1 − sin θ ) ( 1 − cos θ ) = 1 − sin θ − cos θ + sin θ cos θ = x . . . ( 2 )
Adding ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) , we get,
2 + 2 sin θ cos θ = 4 5 + x
∴ sin θ cos θ = 8 4 x − 3 . . . ( 3 )
Multiplying ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) , we get,
( 1 − sin 2 θ ) ( 1 − cos 2 θ ) = 4 5 x
∴ sin 2 θ cos 2 θ = 4 5 x . . . ( 4 )
From ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) , we get,
( 8 4 x − 3 ) 2 = 4 5 x
Solving for x , we get,
x = 4 1 3 ± 4 1 0
From ( 4 ) , we have,
sin 2 θ cos 2 θ = 4 5 x
⟹ x = 5 4 sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
∴ x can have a maximum value of 5 1 . ( W h y ? )
So, from the values of x we got upon solving the quadratic equation only x = 4 1 3 − 4 1 0 satisfies the criteria.