There was a sixteen horse race in progress at the racecourse, the horses being numbered 1 to 16, but I missed the finish. I asked six of my friends to tell me the number of the winner. These were their answers:
a) It was even.
b) It was odd.
c) It was prime.
d) It was a square number.
e) It had two digits.
f) It was between 6 and 12.
However, only four had told the truth. Which number was the winner?
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possible elements for (It was even)= 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 1 0 , 1 2 , 1 4 , 1 6
possible elements for (It was odd)= 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 1 1 , 1 3 , 1 5 , ⟹ 1 1
possible elements for (It was prime)= 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 1 1 , 1 3 ⟹ 1 1
possible elements for (It was a square number)= 4 , 9 , 1 6
possible elements for (It had two digits)= 1 0 , 1 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 4 , 1 5 , 1 6 ⟹ 1 1
possible elements for (It was between 6 and 12)= 7 , 8 , 9 , 1 0 , 1 1 ⟹ 1 1
Hence the answer is 1 1
Even <==> Odd
Prime <==> Perfect square
Since a) & b) are mutually exclusive and c) & d) are also mutually exclusive, we can only choose one out of each pair, and that means that e) & f) are both the truth that describes the winning number. Two digit numbers within the limits of 6 ≤ x ≤ 12 is just 10, 11 and 12. Because none of these are perfect squares, our number must be a prime.
Answer = 11, a two-digit odd prime number between 6 and 12.
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