For a positive integer n , P ( n ) = 1 + 2 1 + 3 1 + ⋯ + 2 n − 1 1 , then
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Can you explain the first statement?
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I've added a picture to clarify the solution
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The trick in this question is to recognize that the sum is actually the right riemann sum of the integral ∫ 1 m x 1 d x , after that the result should follow in a quite straightforward manner.
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The green graph represents the curve y = x 1 and the brown boxes represent the sum ∑ k = 1 m k 1 for m ≥ 1 . Then, we have k = 1 ∑ m k 1 > ∫ 1 m x 1 d x = ln ( m ) . Thus, by substituting m = 2 n − 1 , we have k = 1 ∑ 2 n − 1 k 1 > ln ( 2 n − 1 ) > n ln 2 . Hence, when n = 1 0 0 , we see that the sum is only slightly larger than 69, which means that it must be smaller than 100. The choice P ( 1 0 0 ) < 1 0 0 is correct.