x x in the Exponents? Not again!

Algebra Level 2

The equation 8 x + 2 7 x 1 2 x + 1 8 x = 7 6 \dfrac{8^x+27^x}{12^x+18^x}=\dfrac76 has two integer solutions, we'll denote as a , b a,b . Find the value of 2 a 2 + 2 b 2 . \sqrt{\color{#FFFFFF}{\overline{{\color{#333333}{2a^2+2b^2}}}}}.


The answer is 2.

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4 solutions

Abel Tasman
May 15, 2014

We have 8 x + 2 7 x 1 2 x + 1 8 x 1 2 7 x 1 2 7 x = 7 6 \frac{8^x+27^x}{12^x+18^x} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{27^x}}{\frac{1}{27^x}}=\frac{7}{6} Which yields [ ( 2 3 ) x ] 3 + 1 [ ( 2 3 ) x ] 2 + ( 2 3 ) x = 7 6 \frac{ \left[\left(\frac{2}{3} \right)^x\right]^3 +1 }{ \left[\left(\frac{2}{3} \right)^x\right]^2 +\left(\frac{2}{3} \right)^x}=\frac{7}{6} Now, let y = ( 2 3 ) x \displaystyle y=\left(\frac{2}{3} \right)^x , then we have y 3 + 1 y 2 + y = 7 6 \frac{y^3+1}{y^2+y}=\frac{7}{6} which can be simplified into y + 1 y 1 = 7 6 y+\frac{1}{y}-1=\frac{7}{6} Solving for y y gives y = 2 3 , 3 2 \displaystyle y=\frac{2}{3}, \frac{3}{2} And since y = ( 2 3 ) x \displaystyle y=\left(\frac{2}{3} \right)^x , we have ( 2 3 ) x = 2 3 , 3 2 \displaystyle \left(\frac{2}{3} \right)^x=\frac{2}{3}, \frac{3}{2} which implies that x = ± 1 x=\pm 1 Thus, 2 a 2 + 2 b 2 = 2 + 2 = 2 \sqrt{2a^2+2b^2}=\sqrt{2+2}=\boxed{2}

Actually, you have an important observation at this point: your fourth equation can be written as y + 1 y = 7 6 + 1 y \ + \ \frac{1}{y} \ = \ \frac{7}{6} \ + \ 1 \ , which tells you that the two solutions must be reciprocals of one another. (And also that there are only two solutions, since this equation can be rearranged into a quadratic.) Nicely done!

Gregory Ruffa - 7 years ago
Jaydee Lucero
May 15, 2014

Since 8 x + 2 7 x = ( 2 x ) 3 + ( 3 x ) 3 = ( 2 x + 3 x ) ( ( 2 x ) 2 ( 2 x ) ( 3 x ) + ( 3 x ) 2 ) = ( 2 x + 3 x ) ( 4 x 6 x + 9 x ) 8^x+27^x=(2^x)^3+(3^x)^3=(2^x+3^x)((2^x)^2-(2^x)(3^x)+(3^x)^2)=(2^x+3^x)(4^x-6^x+9^x) by factorization of the sum of two cubes, and 1 2 x + 1 8 x = 6 x ( 2 x + 3 x ) 12^x+18^x=6^x(2^x+3^x) by factoring by GCF, then simplication of the fraction yields 8 x + 2 7 x 1 2 x + 1 8 x = ( 2 x + 3 x ) ( 4 x 6 x + 9 x ) 6 x ( 2 x + 3 x ) = 4 x 6 x + 9 x 6 x = ( 2 3 ) x 1 + ( 3 2 ) x = 7 6 \frac{8^x+27^x}{12^x+18^x}=\frac{(2^x+3^x)(4^x-6^x+9^x)}{6^x(2^x+3^x)}=\frac{4^x-6^x+9^x}{6^x}=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^x-1+\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^x=\frac{7}{6} Now let u = ( 2 3 ) x u=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^x . Then 1 u = ( 3 2 ) x \frac{1}{u}=\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^x , so that the last equation becomes u 1 + 1 u = 7 6 u-1+\frac{1}{u}=\frac{7}{6} Multiplying both sides by 6 u 6u will give us a quadratic equation in u u .Thus 6 u 2 6 u + 6 = 7 u 6u^2-6u+6=7u 6 u 2 13 u + 6 = 0 6u^2-13u+6=0 ( 2 u 3 ) ( 3 u 2 ) = 0 (2u-3)(3u-2)=0 u = 3 2 = ( 2 3 ) 1 or u = 2 3 u=\frac{3}{2}=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{-1} \text{ or } u=\frac{2}{3} Now, since we have u = ( 2 3 ) x u=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^x , we obtain 2 3 = ( 2 3 ) x \frac{2}{3}=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^x or x = 1 x=1 , and ( 2 3 ) 1 = ( 2 3 ) x \left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{-1}=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^x or x = 1 x=-1 . Let a = 1 a=1 and b = 1 b=-1 . Then 2 a 2 + 2 b 2 = 2 ( 1 ) 2 + 2 ( 1 ) 2 = 2 \sqrt{2a^2+2b^2}=\sqrt{2(1)^2+2(-1)^2}=\boxed{2} .

Nice solution.

Mahmoud Ahmed - 7 years ago
Michael Mendrin
May 15, 2014

Well, if we try x = 1, it immediately works out. So, it must be true for x = -1 as well (why? because 8•27 = 12•18) , and since the problem says there's [only] two integer solutions, that's it.

Did it exactly the same way

Vineeth Chelur - 7 years ago

I "smelled a rat" when I saw the "troll-face" accompanying the problem. It seemed like there had to be a simple result, since the "7" in the ratio had to come from the factors of 2 and 3 in some fashion, such as 2 2 + 3 2^2 + 3 or 3 2 2 3^2 - 2 . Seeing that x = 1 worked meant one shouldn't need to look far for the other solution...

Gregory Ruffa - 7 years ago

yep, did it the same way. I saw that 8+27/12+18=7/6..so 1 had to be one root and then it works with x= -1 as well..

Krishna Ramesh - 7 years ago
Afreen Sheikh
Jan 3, 2015

8=2^3 and 27=3^3 and 12=3.2^2 and 18=2.3^2 now to minimize the equation; divide the equations by 6^x then taking y=(2/3)^x and solving it will provide answer 1, -1 and hence the answer of question is 2

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